Unit 5 Questions
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. Which of the following arguments help explain why seventy-five percent of those employed in Export
Processing Zones, such as maquiladoras, are women?
I. Women have better educational qualifications than men.
II. Women are paid less than men.
III. Many employers consider women to be more dextrous than men.
IV. Many employers consider women more likely to organize unions than men.
____
2.
____
3.
____
4.
____
5.
____
6.
____
7.
____
8.
a. I and III
d. I, II, and III
b. II and III
e. II and IV
c. I, II, III, and IV
Shanghai, China is industrializing and growing at exponential rates. The urban migration stream into
Shanghai is one of the largest in Chinese (and urban) history. As a consequence of this pattern, many smaller
surrounding villages and cities are losing talented workers and resources that are being channeled into
Shanghai’s rapid growth. This situation best illustrates
a. footloose industries
d. ubiquitous industries
b. Fordism
e. backwash effects
c. foreign direct investment
Which of the follwoing strategies have the “Four Tigers” used most successfully in their economic
development?
a. the substitution principle
d. import-oriented industrialization
b. export-oriented industrialization
e. deglomeration
c. sustainable development
The theory that every society develops economically according to a five-stage pattern of growth is attributed
to:
a. Harris and Ullman.
d. Rostow.
b. Ravenstein.
e. Burgess.
c. von Thunen.
All of the following were Asian Tigers EXCEPT
a. Singapore
d. Hong Kong
b. Japan
e. Taiwan
c. South Korea
The process in which an innovator country produces something new, which in turn is made better and cheaper
by another country that exports it back to the innovator country is called the strategy of
a. space-time compressionq
d. sustainable development
b. export-oriented industrialism
e. the international division of labor
c. locational interdependence
Which of the following countries consumes the most fossil fuels per capita?
a. The United States
d. China
b. England
e. India
c. Japan
According to Alfred Weber’s least-cost theory, which one of the following costs of production is the most
important factor in locating an industry?
a. labor
d. agglomeration costs
____
9.
____ 10.
____ 11.
____ 12.
____ 13.
____ 14.
____ 15.
____ 16.
b. rent
e. raw materials
c. transport
In Weber’s least cost theory, what are the two major factors he assumed controlled the cost of transportation?
a. Value of the good being transported and d. Durability of the good and size of the
distance to market
market
b. Distance to market and terrain
e. Size of the market and price of the good
c. Weight of good and distance to market
In contrast to primary industry, secondary industry is less dependent on
a. friction of distance
d. location of natural resources
b. labor supplies
e. agglomeration
c. reliability of transportation
As a country first industrializes, a decrease in jobs usually occurs in which sector?
a. quinary
d. tertiary
b. quarternary
e. primary
c. secondary
In 2013, the three most important trading blocs in the world were
a. Central Asia, Northern Afdrica and the
d. North America, the European Union, and
Middle East
East Asia
b. East Asia, South Asia, and North America e. the European Union, the Middle East, and
North America
c. South Asia, North America, and South
America
Which of the following is an example of the movement from clustered settlements to dispersed patterns?
a. Cristaller’s Central Place Theory
d. a threshold
b. Kraal villages
e. Hamlets
c. the enclosure movement
All of the following factors are important in locating an industrial activity EXCEPT:
a. the location of market demand for the
d. the cost of labor.
good.
b. the cost of land.
e. government policies.
c. climate.
Gender equity is related to
a. education
d. All of the above
b. cultural traditions
e. only (A) and (B)
c. Gross National Product
Which of the following is not true of the HDI of countries in the Middle East?
a. It is lowered by the lack of political
freedom
b. It is hindered by adherence to traditional
values
c. It is lowered by the literacy rate.
d. It is hindered by lack of capital
e. It is raised by oil wealth
____ 17. Economic activities that involve the extraction of natural resources, such as lumbering, fishing, mining, and
agriculture, are called
a. subsistence activities
d. primary economic activities
b. tertiary economic activities
e. secondary activities
c. organic activities
____ 18. Which of the following countries is NOT located in one of the world’s primary industrial regions?
____ 19.
____ 20.
____ 21.
____ 22.
____ 23.
____ 24.
____ 25.
____ 26.
____ 27.
____ 28.
a. Japan
d. Australia
b. China
e. Russia
c. South Korea
Which geographer is most closely associated with central place theory?
a. Walt Rostow
d. Alfred Weber
b. Walter Christaller
e. Johann Heinrich von Thunen
c. Thomas Malthus
Which of the following is negatively correlated with Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Per Capita?
a. infant mortality rates
d. literacy rates
b. number of workers in the tertiary sector of e. worker productivity
the economy
c. education levels
The deindustrialization trend is most evident today in
a. the United States and Europe
d. Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East
b. China and Japan
e. Southeast Asia and Latin America
c. Latin America and Canada
Dependency theory puts primary responsibility for global poverty on
a. political leadership in less developed
d. weak modernization models for less
countries
developed countries
b. powerless international organizations
e. lack of productivity of workers in less
developed countries
c. rich nations
What is the most widespread primary economic activity in the world?
a. Agriculture
d. Forestry
b. Mining
e. Hunting and Gathering
c. Fishing
Which of the following directly challenges Alfred Weber’s least cost theory?
a. sustainable development
d. substitution principle
b. value-added productivity
e. location theory
c. space-time compression
Wallerstein’s model of the capital world economy is based most directly on
a. locational theory
d. self-sufficiency theory
b. central place theory
e. modernization theory
c. dependency theory
In the new global economy, an increasing proportion of influential financial decisions are being made in
a. regional centers and small towns where
d. national capitals because of the increasing
fax machines are used
importance of the nation state
b. the informal sector
e. major corporate centers such as New
York, London, and Tokyo.
c. the field, close to the sources of
agricultural production
Deindustrialization has had a dramatic impact on which of the following regions?
a. The Pacific Northwest
d. The lower Mississippi valley
b. The Great Plains
e. The Cotton Belt
c. The Great Lakes
Which of the following central place functions is most likely to have the highest range of goods and also the
highest threshold population?
a. a dry cleaner
d. a cancer treatment clinic
b. a chinese restaurant
e. an elementary school
____ 29.
____ 30.
____ 31.
____ 32.
____ 33.
____ 34.
____ 35.
____ 36.
____ 37.
____ 38.
____ 39.
c. a flower shop
First tier world cities include
a. Tokyo, Mexico City and Sao Paolo
d. Paris, Brussels, and Moscow
b. Los Angeles, London, and Paris
e. Washington, Moscow, and London
c. Tokyo, London, and New York
Which one of the following statements does NOT correctly describe commodity chains?
a. They usually begin in periphery countries. d. They involve several locations around the
world.
b. They tend to locate near the cheapest
e. They reap the highest profits for core
available sources of labor.
countries.
c. They are centered around periphery
markets for finished goods.
Which of the following is a primary economic activity?
a. selling on Ebay
d. insurance adjusting
b. electronic assembly
e. pottery production
c. mining
Footloose industries have negligible total costs for
a. finished products
d. parts
b. management
e. labor
c. transportation of both resources and
finished products
Of the following, which is the best example of a footloose industry?
a. Furniture
d. Steel
b. Computer chip
e. Wine making
c. Tuna canning
The literacy rate of any country correlates most closely with which of the following?
a. Population density
d. General level of intelligence
b. Annual precipitation rates
e. Petroleum production
c. Per capita income
Which type of economic activity is most closely tied to the physical environment?
a. tertiary
d. primary
b. quarternary
e. quinary
c. secondary
Mexico’s maquiladoras are examples of
a. ancillary activities
d. export-processing zones
b. offshore financial centers
e. brick and mortar businesses
c. transnationals
Which country has been a high-volume destination for global firms from the United States outsourcing their
tertiary-sector jobs?
a. Indonesia
d. India
b. Malaysia
e. Mexico
c. China
A country that experiences a process called compressed modernity is most likely to be a
a. newly industrializing country
d. democratic country
b. more developed country
e. dictatorship
c. less developed country
The multiplier effect is:
a. the addition of rural jobs created by the
d. the ratio of city workers to farm workers
urban economy.
in an economy.
b. a ratio of urban to rural workers in an
economy.
____ 40.
____ 41.
____ 42.
____ 43.
____ 44.
____ 45.
____ 46.
____ 47.
e. the addition of non-basic workers to an
urban economy that has added more basic
workers.
c. the multiple jobs eliminated by foreign
workers.
Advertising, legal services, and retailing are examples of:
a. primary economic activities.
d. quarternary economic activities.
b. tertiary economic activities.
e. secondary economic activities.
c. quinary economic activities.
Which of the following is most likely a footloose industry?
a. Steel production
d. Automobile production
b. Computer chip production
e. Bottled-water production
c. Paper production
Firms try to locate their production facilities to
a. minimize costs and maximize profits
d. maximize visibility and minimize
transportation
b. maximize spatial accessibility
e. minimize competition
c. maximize agglomeration
Rostow’s stages of development model predicts that each country’s economy will progress from
a. high levels of pollution to efficient
d. low output to high output.
resource use.
b. low per capita incomes to high per capita e. high consumption to ecological
incomes and high consumption
sustainability.
c. low employment in tertiary activities to
high employment in primary activities
When considering the location of a service, providers must consider a threshold of
a. distance to other markets
d. distance to the primate city
b. pain
e. range
c. population
In contrast to less developed countries, more developed countries have
a. a larger proportion of workers employed d. higher worker productivity
in the primary sector
b. less reliance on industrial agriculture
e. less access to raw materials
c. less access to non-essential goods
Which of the following has fostered economic growth by eliminating import tariffs between member states?
a. North Atlantic Treaty Organization
d. European Union (EU)
(NATO)
b. United Nations (UN)
e. Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Countries (OPEC)
c. Association of Caribbean States (ACS)
Contemporary manufacturing is characterized by
a. reliance on highly skilled labor at all
d. production facilities located close to
phases of the production process
railroads
b. spatial disaggregation of the production
e. strong unions and localized involvement
process
in all facets of the production process
c. production facilities that are generally
located as close as possible to the sites of
raw material production
____ 48. Core countries, countries of the periphery, and countries of the semiperiphery are types of countries that fit
into the global economy, according to a theory by
a. W.W. Rostow
d. Alfred Weber
b. Immanual Wallerstein
e. Walter Christaller
c. E.L. Ulman
____ 49. The main factor preventing subsistence economies (LDCs) from advancing economically is the lack of:
a. government activity.
d. a currency.
b. a well-connected transportation system.
e. a banking service.
c. a market surplus.
____ 50. The practice of hiring a foreign third-party service provider to run an operation is called:
a. offshoring.
d. locational interdependence.
b. Fordism.
e. maquiladoras.
c. outsourcing.
____ 51. The maquiladora district in Mexico produces goods primarily for consumers in
a. China
d. the European Union
b. The United States
e. Mexico City and Guadalajara
c. California and Northern Mexico
____ 52. Which one of the following statements does NOT correctly describe transnational companies (TNCs)?
a. Many TNCs operate in areas of
d. TNCs actively make use of the principle
electronics, chemicals, pharmaceuticals
of comparitive advantage.
and petroleum.
b. TNCs are generally controlled by foreign e. Most TNCs are headquartered in the
governments.
United States, Japan and the European
Union.
c. Most TNCs produce and sell
manufactured goods.
____ 53. Which of the following sectors currently has the greatest supply of jobs in the United States?
a. Public Sector
d. Secondary Sector
b. Primary Sector
e. Business Services
c. Consumer Services
____ 54. A company that produces a weight-gaining product decides to locate a factory near its market. This is an
example of
a. locational interdependence
d. market orientation
b. material orientation
e. deglomeration
c. footloose orientation
____ 55. Which theory below explains why two competing pizza parlors both position themselves in the middle of
their customer base?
a. Domino Theory
d. The stages of economic development
(Rostow)
b. Locational interdependence theory
e. World Systems Theory (Wallerstein)
c. Dependency Theory
____ 56. The theory that the main purpose of a settlement or market town is to furnish goods and services to the
surrounding market area is called the:
a. concentric zone model.
d. multiplier effect.
b. urban hierarchy theory.
e. central place theory.
c. rank-size rule.
____ 57. Rostow’s modernization model is concerned with which of the following concepts?
a. neocolonialism
d. economic development
b. dependency
e. structuralism
____ 58.
____ 59.
____ 60.
____ 61.
____ 62.
____ 63.
____ 64.
____ 65.
____ 66.
c. core-periphery relations
Which of the following jobs would NOT be considered a quarternary economic activity?
a. research scientist
d. college professor
b. insurance salesman
e. IRS employee
c. computer programmer
Which of the following are commonly associated with the Industrial Revolution?
a. New forms of capital investment
d. Specialty goods
b. Cottage industries
e. The printing press
c. Guild industries
Maquiladora areas in Mexico and free-trade regions in China are examples of
a. special economic zones
d. high-tech corridors
b. exclusive economic zones
e. growth poles
c. trade blocs
According to modernization theory, less developed countries can improve their economies by
a. experimenting with socialism in order to d. forbidding more developed countries from
narrow the gap between the rich and the
exploiting their resources
poor
b. strengthening traditions, especially those e. following the paths taken by industrialized
that are family based.
nations
c. nationalizing their major industries
All the following are areas of early industrialization EXCEPT
a. the Ruhr region
d. Madrid
b. Ukraine
e. England
c. Ohio region
Globalization
a. is a new and unique phenomenon.
d. has a long and circuitous history.
b. has penetrated the entire world.
e. does not cause a countermovement of
localization.
c. is always good for people in the poorest
countries.
Which of the following associations linking a US region to an industrial base is NOT correct?
a. United States/Mexico Border - gold and
d. Gulf Coast of Texas - petroleum and
silver mining.
natural gas
b. Southeast United States - textiles, tobacco e. Silicon Valley (San Francisco Bay Area) and furniture.
technology industries.
c. Ohio River Valley/Monongahela River
Valley (Pittsburgh area) - advanced
material processing and technology
industries.
Which of the following people performs activities most likely to be classified as part of the informal sector of
the economy?
a. Doctor
d. Newspaper Journalist
b. Broadway-musical dancer
e. Janitor at a public high school
c. Street hot-dog vendor
International company headquarters, significant global financial functions, and a polarized social structure are
defining characteristics of
a. world cities
d. edge cities
b. entrepots
e. forward capitals
c. primate cities
____ 67. Allowing MDCs to outsource without any regulation except for the basic forces of market capitalism is
known as
a. a primary economic activity
d. market orientation
b. free trade
e. the informal sector
c. foreign direct investment
____ 68. One impact of the Industrial Revolution on Britain during the 19th century was to
a. stimulate growth of seaports in the north d. stimulate the growth of cities at railroad
hubs
b. promote a general migration of people
e. push farmers out of business by the end of
from the cities to the suburbs
the century
c. shift economic power from cities in the
north to cities in the south
____ 69. Which of the following regions is NOT an economic backwater?
a. Sao Paolo, Brazil
d. Western China
b. Upper Great Plains
e. Lower Mississippi Valley
c. Buenos Aires, Argentina
____ 70. Which of the following is useful for describing a settlement node whose primary function is to provide
support for the population of the hinterland?
a. Christaller’s model of central place
d. Rostow’s model of economic development
b. Concentric Zone model
e. Von Thunen’s model of land use
c. Core-Periphery model
____ 71. Both Weber’s least cost theory and von Thunen’s agriculture model are examples of
a. location theory
d. variable revenue analysis
b. modernization theory
e. dependency theory
c. the substitution principle
____ 72. Tertiary jobs are:
a. related to executive decision making.
d. related to manufacturing.
b. related to research and development.
e. related to the service industry.
c. related to agricultural production.
____ 73. The reason for the concentration of copper smelters, refineries, and foundries, close to Arizona’s copper
mines that that copper production is
a. a bulk-gaining industry
d. a bulk-reducing industry
b. oriented tot the large Southern California e. dependent on dry climate conditions
market
c. attracted to low-cost migrant labor
____ 74. The Industrial Revolution first diffused from Great Britain to:
a. British Colonies in North America.
d. Russia.
b. France.
e. Italy.
c. Germany.
____ 75. Which of the following geographic theories would be used to explain the concept of neocolonialism and
postcolonial dependency?
a. demographic transition theory
d. locational interdependence
b. Rostow’s modernization model
e. world-systems analysis
c. concentric zone model
____ 76. The Industrial Revolution
a. was initiated by Henry Ford.
d. began in England in the 18th century.
b. begain in the United States in the early
e. reached its peak in the 1970s.
20th century.
c. began in Germany in the 16th century.
____ 77. Bulk-reducing industries generally locate factories close to
a. their markets
d. large bodies of water
b. labor supplies
e. raw materials
c. transportation hubs
____ 78. A dress store, a shoe store, and a jewlery store located on the same block close to each other is an example of:
a. purchasing power parity.
d. concentric zone.
b. hinterlands.
e. agglomeration.
c. an urban heat island.
____ 79. Core-periphery models are generally based on the idea that
a. the growth and prosperity of core
d. all world regions are equally well
countries has not been achieved at the
developed
expense of peripheral countries
b. levels of social and economic
e. the economic and social heart of a
development are fairly uniform between
territory should be at its geographic center
core areas and peripheral areas
c. sharp spatial contrasts in social and
econonmic development exist between
economic heartlands and outlying
subordinate areas
____ 80. Which of the followign statements is NOT true of the “core” countries?
a. They are technologically advanced.
d. They are wealthy.
b. They are more developed.
e. They are powerful.
c. They are less developed.
____ 81. A factory process transforming raw corn into processed baby food falls into which economic category?
a. Quarternary
d. Secondary
b. Quinary
e. Tertiary
c. Primary
____ 82. The country where the Industrial Revolution first began was
a. the United States
d. Great Britain
b. Japan
e. Italy
c. Germany
____ 83. Which of the following is positively correlated with gross domestic product (GDP) per capita?
a. rate of natural increase
d. distance from the Greenwich meridian
b. rice production per capita
e. Infant mortality rate
c. Carbon dioxide emission per capita
____ 84. Which of the following suggests that less developed countries are unlikely to become more developed?
a. Modernization Theory
d. the International Monetary Fund
b. the World Bank
e. World Systems Theory
c. Dependency Theory
____ 85. Which of the following sectors of the economy grows the fastest as a country industrializes?
a. quarternary sector
d. retail sector
b. tertiary sector
e. primary sector
c. secondary sector
____ 86. Which of the following makes it difficult to accurately calculate economic activity in some countries?
a. the formal economy
d. taxation
b. barter
e. the informal economy
c. GDP
____ 87. Which of the following has contributed most to the deindustrialization of regions like the English Midlands
and the North American Manufacturing Belt?
____ 88.
____ 89.
____ 90.
____ 91.
____ 92.
____ 93.
a. The increased percentage of women in the d. the decline of labor unions
work force
b. Competition from foreign imports
e. Environmental legislation
c. the formation of free trade associations
The outlying area serviced by an urban center is referred to as a:
a. redline area.
d. range.
b. hinterland.
e. threshold.
c. sphere of influence.
Quarternary economic activities are those that
a. involve the exchange of goods and the
d. transform raw materials into finished
provision
products
b. extract natural resources from the
e. involve the production of fresh produce
environment
for urban markets
c. involve the collection, processing, and
manipulation of information
Mr. Jemstone located his jewlery shop in a place near his home so that he can eat lunch with Mrs. Jemstone
every afternoon.
a. His locational decision represents a
d. Mr. and Mrs. Jemstone probably
market orientation.
participate in a cottage industry.
b. Because most jewlery shopping occurs
e. Since Mr. Jemstone owns his own
online, the actual location of the shop is
business, he has chosen an optimal site as
unimportant.
he minimizes transport costs to and from
work.
c. It doesn’t matter too much where Mr.
Jemstone puts his jewlery shop because
it’s a footloose industry and as long as a
viable market exists, he can locate pretty
much anywhere.
Which of the following is a model of economic development that suggests that any country that wants its
economy to grow should study the paths taken by industrialized nations and follow them?
a. self-sufficiency model
d. location theory
b. modernization model
e. substitution principle
c. dependency theory
Which of the following best captures a structuralist interpretation of the development gap?
a. Less-developed countries fall behind
d. Less-developed countries will develop in
more-developed countries in levels of
the same pattern as more developed
wealth and development because people in
countries have, but it will take time and
less-developed countries do not work
self-improvement.
efficiently.
b. Less-developed countries remain poor
e. More-developed countries have reached
because they are continually exploited by
higher development levels becaue of coal
more-developed countries seeking
deposits beneath their soils.
resources and labor.
c. Less-developed countries are in stages 2
and 3 of Rostow’s model.
Most major industrial areas in eastern Russia are located on or near
a. coastlines
d. the Volga river
b. the Trans-Siberian Railroad
e. St. Petersburg
c. Moscow
____ 94. A clustering of doctor’s offices and pharmacies near hospitals is best explained by the benefits of
a. intervening opportunity
d. agglomeration
b. enfranchisement
e. balkanization
c. decentralization
____ 95. Most people in the world live in:
a. dispersed rural settlements
d. suburbs
b. clustered rural settlements
e. cities
c. appartments
____ 96. What country faces a serious trade disadvantage due to its location?
a. Mongolia
d. Italy
b. Argentina
e. Spain
c. Singapore
____ 97. Which of the following jobs is in the NON-BASIC employment sector?
a. oil refinery worker
d. auto assembly-line worker
b. parking lot attendant
e. warehouse guard
c. software engineer
____ 98. The Internet is reshaping traditional economic arrangements by
a. bringing consurmers and producers into
d. increasing the importance of rail
face-to-face contact
transportation as compared to truck
transportation
b. expanding the importance of express
e. reinforcing the dominance of the central
package delivery systems
business district for retail sales
c. creating more enclosed shopping malls
____ 99. According to Rostow’s developmental model, which stage is the most resistant to change?
a. first
d. second
b. third
e. fifth
c. fourth
____ 100. Which of the following is an example of the breaking of the rank-size rule found in some developed
countries?
a. Clustered rural settlements
d. Linear settlements
b. the enclosure movement
e. primate cities
c. Nesting of Services
____ 101. According to Rostow’s modernization theory, one consequence of the drive to technological maturity is that
a. the gap between the rich and the poor
d. traditional values re-emerge.
narrows.
b. people are unwilling to experiment with
e. primary economic activities are
producing goods for profit
emphasized.
c. workers become more skilled and
specialized.
____ 102. The main goal of NAFTA has been to
a. increase tariffs and trade restrictions
d. make safety regulations for trade more
between Mexico, Canada, and the United
uniform across North America
States
b. restrict immigration across international
e. strengthen the competitiveness of the
borders in North America
Mexican economy
c. more closely integrate the economies of
Mexico, Canada, and the United States
____ 103. The “Four Economic Tigers” of East and Southeast Asia include
____ 104.
____ 105.
____ 106.
____ 107.
____ 108.
____ 109.
____ 110.
a. Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, and d. Japan, the Philipines, South Korea, and
Taiwan
Vietnam
b. China, the Philipines, Singapore and
e. Hong Kong, Indonesia, Thailand and
Thailand
Vietnam
c. China, Indonesia, Japan, and Taiwan
Which of the following individuals is engaged in a secondary economic activity?
a. the CEO of General Motors
d. a farmer
b. a city clerk
e. an aspirin production worker
c. a computer programmer
Which of the following theories is based on a landscape divided into noncompeting market areas called
complimentary regions?
a. dependency theory
d. locational interdependence theory
b. the rank-size rule
e. central place theory
c. modernization theory
The clustering of financial firms on Wall Street in New York is an example of
a. ancillary industry
d. central place theory
b. agglomeration
e. deindustrialization
c. least-cost theory
Which economic sector of the city furnishes goods and services to the larger economy outside the city?
a. blue collar
d. tertiary sector
b. non-basic sector
e. basic sector
c. secondary sector
Fashion Incorporated, a company headquartered in New York, has contracted with a clothing factory in
Thailand to make its sweaters. Fashion Incorporated has determined the value of the workers in the factory to
be $1.50 per hour of work. This scenario exemplifies which of the following geographic concepts?
a. Privatization
d. Fair trade
b. Structural adjustments
e. Commodification
c. Deglomeration
In 2013, which sector claimed the highest percentage of workers in the United States?
a. Secondary
d. Quinary
b. Tertiary
e. Primary
c. Quarternary
All of the following are secondary industrial regions in the world today EXCEPT
a. Brazil
d. southern Australia
b. Ganges River area of India
e. South Africa
c. Eastern Asia
____ 111.
____ 112.
____ 113.
____ 114.
____ 115.
The area shaded with diagonal lines shows regions with increased population due to the Industrial Revolution
by which year?
a. 1900
d. 1850
b. 1750
e. 1950
c. 1800
The most important single invention that stimulated the growth of the Industrial Revolution in Britain during
the early 19th century was
a. the cotton gin
d. the spinning jenny
b. the combustion engine
e. the steam engine
c. electricity
What type of land use would be most likely found close to railroad yards?
a. the Wells Fargo Bank headquarters
d. an apartment complex
b. Walmart
e. a department store
c. a steel mill
As oil and natural gas became important sources of energy during the mid-20th century, new economic power
was vested in oil and gas-producing countries such as
a. Saudi Arabia, Peru and Japan
d. Iran, Mexico and Nigeria
b. Iran, Russia, and Britain
e. Kuwait, Egypt, and Australia
c. Argentina, China, and Mongolia
In which of the following Asian countries would one be most likely to find special economic zones (SEZs)?
a. Vietnam
d. Australia
b. China
e. Korea
____ 116.
____ 117.
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____ 121.
____ 122.
____ 123.
____ 124.
____ 125.
c. Japan
According to World Systems Theory, the United States is an example of:
a. heartland power.
d. a less developed country
b. a semi-peripheral country.
e. a core country.
c. a peripheral country.
The idea that resources should be conserved so that people living today can meet their needs without limiting
the ability of future generations to do the same is called:
a. gross national happiness
d. sustainable development
b. subsistence economics
e. globalization
c. environmental conservation
Which of the following is NOT generally categorized as a newly-industrializing country today?
a. Singapore
d. Nigeria
b. South Korea
e. Taiwan
c. Mexico
The early stages of the core-periphery model describe the
a. relationship of power and the transfer of d. relationship between the underlying
resources from less developed to more
structure of a society and its outward
developed countries
expressions
b. ways that suburban workers commute to e. relationship between the outward
urban workplaces
appearance of a place and its internal
functioning
c. social and cultural differences between
urban and rural people
Core and periphery are terms connected to:
a. world markets theory.
d. world political theory.
b. world economy theory.
e. world systems theory.
c. world banking theory.
The main function of the World Bank is:
a. none of the above.
d. to assist companies investing in less
developed countries.
b. to help improve the social conditions of
e. to support the global economy.
individuals in developing countries.
c. to loan money to developing countries.
Which of the following pairs of countries are rapidly increasing their share of the world’s consumption of
energy today?
a. Germany and Britain
d. United States and Russia
b. Japan and the United States
e. China and India
c. Canada and Australia
The establishment of maquiladoras is an example of the new international division of labor between
a. the United States and Mexico
d. North and South American countries
b. NAFTA member-states and EU member e. laborers and supervisors
states
c. China and Mexico
Which of the following countries has NOT been significantly impacted by the modern trend toward
deindustrialization?
a. South Korea
d. Egypt
b. Great Britain
e. Japan
c. United States
In which of the following countries did the industrial revolution begin?
____ 126.
____ 127.
____ 128.
____ 129.
____ 130.
____ 131.
____ 132.
____ 133.
____ 134.
____ 135.
____ 136.
a. Germany
d. France
b. United Kingdom
e. China
c. The United States
All of the following factors play a role in the economic actions of humans EXCEPT:
a. political decisions.
d. market conditions.
b. linguistic background.
e. physical environment.
c. technological development.
___________ take advantage of geographic differences in wages, labor laws, environmental regulations,
taxes, and the distribution of natural resources by locating various aspects of their production in different
countries.
a. Footloose Industries
d. Service Industries
b. Transnationals
e. E-businesses
c. Conglomerate corporations
The concentration of production activities and people spatially to benefit everyone is called:
a. infrastructure.
d. deglomeration.
b. the substitution principle.
e. agglomeration.
c. the multiplier effect.
According to the gravity model, service providers will most likely locate near which of the following?
a. a suburban neighborhood
d. a dispersed rural settlement
b. a clustered rural settlement
e. a food desert
c. an appartment complex
Islands of development or special economic zones are designed to:
a. provide space for local entrepreneurs.
d. pay off foreign debt.
b. enforce structuralist agreements.
e. encourage foreign investment.
c. improve conditions for residents.
The phenomenon of space-time compression has been most directly promoted by
a. globalization
d. social development
b. distance decay
e. irredentism
c. value added productivity
Niger’s economy is mostly limited to
a. primary economic activities
d. nonbasic industry
b. service industries
e. quarternary economic activities
c. export-processing activities
Which of the following provides an economic benefit to developing countries without causing social and
environmental damage?
a. Plantation farming
d. Maquiladoras
b. Ecotourism
e. Retail service jobs
c. the New international division of labor
The value of a country’s total output of goods and services in that country during a year is called its
a. purchasing power parity
d. human development index
b. inflation rate
e. gross domestic product
c. foreign direct investment
All of the following are used in the humanddevelopment index equation EXCEPT
a. average income per person
d. women’s level of equality
b. infant mortality rate
e. literacy rate
c. average life expectancy
All of the following are non-basic jobs in the city EXCEPT:
a. drycleaner.
d. garment factory worker.
b. city firefighter.
e. waitress.
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____ 144.
____ 145.
____ 146.
____ 147.
c. social worker.
The IMF agreed to give Kenya a $2 million loan on the condition that the government would sell an electrical
company in its northern region to a private corporation. This situation demonstrates which of the following
concepts?
a. Commodification
d. Cumulative causation
b. Structural adjustments
e. Fair trade
c. Arbitrage
The earliest country in East Asia to industrialize was
a. Singapore
d. Korea
b. Taiwan
e. China
c. Japan
A clustering of hotels and restaurants near airports is BEST explained by the benefits of
a. deindustrialization
d. economic development
b. agglomeration
e. space-time compression
c. value added productivity
Which of the following would you NOT expect to find in a less developed country?
a. high birth rate
d. gender equality
b. low literacy rate
e. high rates of in-migration
c. low life expectancy
Alfred Weber’s least cost theory explained location of industries in terms of the three factors of
a. raw materials, transportation, and
d. deglomeration, labor, and locational
agglomeration
interdependence
b. transportation, labor, and agglomeration e. situation factors, site factors, locational
interdependence
c. locational interdependence, variable
revenue analysis, and transportation
The location decision of a bulk-reducing industry is most likely to be affected by the
a. cost of labor
d. close proximity to customers
b. good access to railroad lines
e. good access to warm water ports
c. close proximity to raw materials
Which environmental problem is linked to chlorofluorocarbons in spray cans, refigerators, and plastic foam?
a. Smog accumulation
d. Acid rain
b. Radioactive contamination
e. Ozone depletion
c. the greenhouse effect
An economy in which goods and services are usually produced for internal consumption only is called a:
a. planned economy.
d. free market economy.
b. subsistence economy.
e. command economy.
c. commercial economy.
Industry shapes economic activities that make up the
a. quarternary sector
d. secondary sector
b. primary sector
e. basic sector
c. tertiary sector
The primary cause of global warming in recent years has been the
a. melting of polar icecaps
d. burning of fossil fuels
b. changes in heat emissions from the sun
e. formation of acid rain
c. increase in slash-and-burn agriculture
Murthy Industries owns a factory located in northern Mexico, on the border with the United States. Given this
information, which of the following terms most likely applies to the factory that Murthy Industries owns?
I. Maquiladora
II. New Industrial Country
III. Special Economic Zone
IV. Export Processing Zone
a. I, II, III, and IV
d. II and III
b. I, III, and IV
e. I
c. I, II, and IV
____ 148. All of the following are examples of infrastructure that support economic activity EXCEPT
a. inventory of goods
d. telephone systems
b. electricity
e. surface transportation
c. water transportation
____ 149. Like the earliest industrial heartlands in Europe, the earliest heartland in Northeast District of China centered
on the regions
a. political stability
d. coal and iron deposits
b. access to seaports
e. supply of skilled labor
c. access to rapidly moving rivers
____ 150. Economic activities that increase and thereby benefit from agglomeration in particular regions are called
a. ancillary activities
d. footloose industries
b. basic sector activities
e. quinary activities
c. tertiary activities