Human Geography
Jerome D. Fellmann
Arthur Getis
Judith Getis
Jon C. Malinowski
Human
Geography
Chapter 9
Livelihood And
Economy:
From Blue Collar to
Gold Collar
Components of the Space
Economy
• Concepts and Controls
• Market Equilibrium
Secondary Activities:
Manufacturing
• Locational Decisions in
Manufacturing
– Principles n Location
– Raw Materials
– Power Supply
– Labor
– Market
– Transportation
Secondary Activities:
Manufacturing (cont.)
• Transportation and
Location
• Industrial Location
Theories
– Least-Cost Theory
– Locational
Interdependence
Theory
– Profit-Maximization
Approaches
Source: Western History/Genealogy Department, Denver Public Library
Least-Cost Theory
• Alfred Weber (1868-1958)
• Assumptions:
– Isotropic Plain
– Single Product to a Single Market
– Raw Materials from Two or More
Sources
– Labor Infinitely Available but Immobile
– Transportation Routes are not Fixed but
connect places by a straight line
Locational Interdependence
Theory
• Variable Revenue Analysis
• Competitive Locations in a Linear
Market
Profit Maximization
Approaches
• Spatial Margin of Profitability
• Satisficing Locations
Secondary Activities:
Manufacturing (cont.)
• Other Locational Considerations and
Controls
– Agglomeration Economies
– Just-in-Time and Flexible Production
– Comparative Advantage
– Imposed Considerations
• Transnational Corporations
World Manufacturing
Patterns and Trends
•
•
•
•
Anglo America
Western and Central Europe
Eastern Europe
Eastern Asia
High-Tech Patterns
• Impacts of High-Tech Industries
• Agglomerating Forces
• Contributors to Production
Tertiary and Beyond
• Tertiary Services
• Beyond Tertiary
– Quaternary
– Quinary
Services in World Trade
• Impact in International Trade Flows
• Impact in Economic Interdependence
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)