Write one paragraph (3-4 sentences) on how you would feel, being on a
ship for months or years, exploring ??
http://www.docstoc.com/docs/101920023/Early-European-Exploration
True or False
1. Britain was first European country to trade slaves to the new world
False--Portugal
2. More slaves were imported to Central and South America
True—90% ended up in Central/South America
3. Slavery was only used in the Americas
False—Most civilizations had slavery at some point
4. Slaves first arrived to N. America in 1600
False—Arrived in 1500s in Florida and Virginia
Trading before Renaissance Era
• Muslims and Italian Merchants
• Silk Road
• Marco Polo
The most valued traded items were spices
• Moluccas-Spice Islands (Indonesia)
• Preserve Food
• Season Food
• Medicine
• Perfumes
Europeans outside of Italy wanted
direct access to be more profitable in trade
Portugal starts sailing
• Prince Henry (Henry the Navigator)
• First discovered
• Madeira, Azores islands
• North Africa
• Mapped African coast
• Wanted to find an easier way
around Africa to get to Asia
• Gathered cartographersmapmakers and scientists
• Redesigned ships, created
maps and trained captains for
long voyages
• 1460 Prince Henry dies
• 1488 Bartholomeu Dias rounds Africa
tip called Cape of Good Hope
http://nautarch.tamu.edu/shiplab/01George/caravela/pictures/land-col-3-mastedcaravels6.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Bartolomeu_Dias_Voyage.PNG
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Henry_the_Navigator1.jpg
http://www.robinsonlibrary.com/geography/geography/discoveries/graphics/henry2.gif
Portugal continues
• Vasco da Gama
• 1497 voyage to India—4 ships
• 10 month trip to Calicut,
India
• Lost half of ships on way
home, many sailors died
of hunger, thirst and
scurvy—lack of vitamin C
• Still highly profitable
• Rebuilt a fleet of ships and in
1502 de Gama forced Calicut’s
ruler to sign trade treaty
• Soon Portugal seized key ports
around Indian Ocean and
created a trading empire
http://img.wikinut.com/img/3dp3.ai3ty0adjde/jpeg/724x5000/Scurvy.jpeg
http://www.deliabw.edu.hk/broadway/Eng/S3A%20English%20Project/Group%208/Vasco%20da%20gama%60s%20route%20frm%20europe%202%20india.gif
http://www.biography.com/imported/images/Biography/Images/Profiles/G/Vasco-da-Gama-9305736-1-402.jpg
Christopher Columbus
• From Genoa, Italy
• Wanted to reach East Indies (Indonesia)
by sailing west (across Atlantic)
• Columbus knew the Earth was a sphere
• But didn’t know how big Earth was and
large continents were in his way
• Portugal refused to sponsor him
• Spain’s Ferdinand and Isabella did sponsor
him as they were looking for wealth and
prestige
• August 3, 1492 set sail with 3 ships
• After many weeks, provisions were low
• October 12, 1492 sees land and believes he
reaches the East Indies
• Calls the people “Indians”
• Receives heroes welcome upon return
• Made 3 more voyages to “East Asia”
• Soon other Europeans realize he found new
continents
http://www.interestingtopics.net/christopher-columbus-id-262
http://media.web.britannica.com/eb-media/56/89956-004-9851B885.gif
http://www.ilibrarian.net/history/christopher_columbus_voyages.gif
2 New Continents..Who owns them???
• 1493 Ferdinand and Isabella appeal to
the Pope to support their claim to the new
world
• 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas
• Between Spain and Portugal
• Line of Demarcation
• Divided non-European land into 2
zones
• Anything to the East belong to Portugal
• Anything to the West belong to Spain
• Other European countries…not happy
and see it as arrogance and start to build
their empires
http://domin.dom.edu/faculty/dperry/hist270silk/calendar/finalclass/images/Tordesillas%20Map.jpg
Naming the new world??
• Amerigo Vespucci wrote a journal about his
voyage to Brazil. A cartographer used his
first name to name the map “Americas”
Still looking for a direct route to Asia
• English , French and Dutch looked for the
Northwest Passage (Through Arctic Islands)
• 1513 Vasco Nunez de Balboa (Spain) hacked
through Panama’s forest to see the Pacific
• Ferdinand Magellan (Portugal)
• 5 ships set sail Sept 20, 1519 from Spain
• Nov 1520 fought thru Strait of Magellan into
the Pacific (Peaceful) Ocean
• Decided to sail to East Indies…didn’t know
how big Pacific was
• March 1521 finally reached Philippines
• Magellan is killed
• Sept 1522, one ship and 18 sailors finally
make it back to Spain and were first to
Circumnavigate-sail around
http://www.biography.com/imported/images/Biography/Images/Profiles/V/Amerigo-Vespucci-9517978-1-402.jpg
http://www.heritage-history.com/books/baldwin/thirty/zpage014.gif http://www.antarcticguide.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Ferdinand-Magellan.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan
Africa Exploration
• Portuguese
• Established forts along coast
• Did not explore interior
• Lacked accurate maps
• Little resources
• Dutch
• Cape Town, South Africa
• Boers- Dutch farmers who settled in
South Africa
• Calvinists
• Believed they were superior to
Africans
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/CapeHopeDetail.png
• Both British and French also established
forts in Africa during this time period
Slave Trade in Africa
• Rapidly increased 1500-1600s
• Portuguese one of first to start trading
slaves
• Many slaves sent to America to work
on plantations- large estates run by
an owner
• African warlords took captives to
coastal cities where they were traded
for goods such as textiles, metals, rum
tobacco, weapons and gunpowder
• Lasted for 300 years
http://abagond.files.wordpress.com/2010/05/african-slave-trade-11.jpg
http://www.slaverysite.com/Body/maps.htm
List 2 positive and 2 negative impacts of
European Exploration
South and Southeast Asia
• Northern India under Mughal rule
• Southern India (Patchwork of Princes)
• Afonso de Albuquerque (Portugal)
• Promised Indian Princes aid
against other Europeans
• Established military and
commercial post on Goa
• Also defeated Muslims for
control of Port of Malacca, 1511
• Created outposts-distant areas
under their control to control the
Asia-Europe Spice Trade
http://www.airtickets24x7.com/images/Cruises/star-penang-phuket-malacca-port-klang-cruise-map.jpg
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/dgifs/Dealbuquerque.GIF
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Alfonso_de_Albuquerque_AGE_V06_1800.jpg
Dutch challenges Portuguese
• 1599 First cargo of spices comes to
Amsterdam
• Trading ships and warships
building explodes
• Set up colonies around the
world including Cape Town
• Dutch East India Company
• Established 1602
• Completely sovereignindependent from Dutch
government
• Build armies, wage war,
negotiate treaties
• 1641 Captured Malacca from
Portuguese and control the
Spice Island trade
http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch2en/conc2en/img/VOC_Trade_Network.png
Spain
• Magellan claimed the Philippines
for Spain in 1521
• Named after King Philip II
• Catholic missionaries
• Had silver from Mexico and Peru
shipped to Philippines to buy goods
in China
Mughal India
• At beginning of exploration, Mughal
dominated the spice trade
• Permitted British, French, Dutch and
Portuguese trading rights, building
forts and warehouses
• Mughal Empire weakens and falls apart
• French and British fight for power
• Both used sepoys- Indian troops, to fight
for power
• Mid 1700s British wins control of India
http://infoskind.blogspot.com/
China
• Ming Dynasty limits European
traders in China
• Portuguese allowed trading post
in Macao
• Missionaries in China had little
success
• Qing Dynasty follows Ming
Dynasty and follow the same
closed-door policy
Korea
• Known as the “Hermit Kingdom”
• Closed-door policy
• Fearful of invasions/wars
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-g8cM95BD4Ac/TVS13zDILeI/AAAAAAAAAAQ/MV7mIfTvOcg/s1600/64938-004-8575C4AF.gif
Japan
• Welcomed Europeans in 1534
• Printing Press and Firearms
• Catholicism (missions) introduced
• 300,000 Christians at one time
• Japanese leaders fearful that
Christians swore more
loyal to the Pope versus
Emperor
• So, Tokugawas expelled
missionaries in Japan and
persecuted/killed Japanese
Christians
http://www.lavermansinjapan.org/media/images/galleries/history/history04.jpg
• 1638 Tokugawas banned European
traders from coming to Japan
• Also banned Japanese ship
building to be more isolated
• Isolated for 200 years
Match up the Explorers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Dias
Da Gama
Columbus
Magellan
Balboa
Prince Henry
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
First to circumnavigate the world
First to see the Pacific
First to arrive in the New World (Caribbean)
Portuguese who mapped Africa coastline
First to Cape of Good Hope (Africa tip)
Portuguese who first sailed to Calicut, India
and brought back spices to Portugal