Fisheries of Korea
Kwang –Soo, Lim
Deputy Minister for Fisheries Policy
Ministry for Food, Agriculture,
Forestry and Fisheries
[ Contents ]
1. Marine Environment
2. Fisheries in Korea
3. Fisheries Policy
4. Growth momentum for fisheries
1. Marine Environment
Seas surrounding Korea
• Coastline : 14,533km (South Korea 11,542km)
• Islands : 4,198 (South Korea 3,153)
Cold
KOREA
CHINA
JAPAN
Warm
4
West coast
• Average depth : 44m
• Mud flats
• Low salinity
• High nutrients
• Croaker, Flounder
• Prawn, Hairtail, Blue crab
5
East coast
• Average depth : 1,700m
• Cold water at the bottom
• Warm water at the top
• Squid, Saury, Alaska Pollack,
• Yellowtail, Red crab
6
South coast
• Anchovy, Mackerel
• Eel, Sea bream, Filefish, Tuna
• Center of Korean Aquaculture
7
Geomorphology
East Sea
East
China Sea
Yellow Sea
1,013,000
417,000
752,000
1,667
44
272
1,690,000
18,000
209,000
Continental Shelf
(0-200m)
23.5%
100%
81.3%
Continental Slope
(200-1,000m)
15.2%
0
11.4%
% of Deep Basin
61.3%
0
7.3%
Area (㎢)
Average Depth (m)
Volume (㎢)
2. Fisheries in Korea
Production
(2010)
 3.1 million tonnes (2.1% of world production)
(Unit: 1,000 tonnes)
Types
Production
Major species
Coastal & Offshore
1,227
Mackerel, Hairtail, Anchovy, Squid,
Croaker, Blue crab, Clam
Aquaculture
1,313
Flounder, Rockfish, Oyster, Laver,
Kelp, Avalone
Distant-water
612
Tuna, Saury, Alaska Pollack, Squid,
Krill
Inlands
30
Eel, Trout, Catfish
World's Fisheries Production
(2008, including aquatic plants unit = 1,000 tons)
Country
1
China
2
Capture
Aquaculture
Total
Ratio
14,791
43,036
57,827
36%
Indonesia
4,957
3,838
8,795
5.5%
3
India
4,104
3,478
7,583
4.7%
4
Peru
7,362
57
7,419
4.6%
5
Japan
4,248
1,292
5,540
3.5%
6
Philippines
2,561
2,408
5,059
3.2%
7
USA
4,349
5,06
4,855
3.0%
8
Chile
3,554
1,255
4,809
3.0%
9
Viet Nam
2,087
2,496
4,583
2.9%
10
Thailand
2,457
1,374
3,831
2.4%
11
Russia
3,383
125
3,508
2.2%
12
Korea
1,943
1,408
3,351
2.1%
Changes in Contribution
1980
1990
2000
2010
Fishing Vessels
Sustainable level : 39,903 vessels
 Current : 47,751 (16% over)
Scraped 16,642 during ’94~’10 (1,546 billion won)
68,629
47,521
39,903
2000
2010
Goal
Aquaculture Production
 Global top in aquaculture production per nation’s territory
14.2 ton / km2
* China: 42 million ton (world top), but production / territory = 4.4 ton ㎢
14.2
8.0
7.6
4.4
Korea

China
3.1
Japan
1.0
India
2.6
Vietnam Norway Philippines
World aquaculture production (million ton) : China (42.6), Indonesia (3.8),
India (3.5), Vietnam (2.5), Philippines (2.4), Korea (1.4)
Fishing Households
140000
129,734
120000
100000
80000
69,379
60000
1981
1985
1989
1993
1997
2001
2005
2009
Trade
(unit: 1,000 US$)
3050000
liberalization of imports
Import
2550000
2050000
Export
1550000
1050000
550000
50000
1981
1985
1989
1993
1997
2001
2005
2009
Growing demand for fish
 Fish consumption per-capita increased by 57% during last 10
years
 Supply 40% of animal protein
 China market demand is growing rapidly → export market
Korean Food consumption (kg/yr)
Chinese fish consumption (kg/yr)
103
30
86 rice
22
55 fish
35
1998
41 meat
2008
11
2000
2006
2009
3. Fisheries Policy
History of fisheries governance
1948
Fisheries Bureau in the Ministry of
Commerce and Industry
1966~
1996
Fisheries Administration
1996~
2007
Ministry of Maritime Affairs and
Fisheries
Since
2008
Ministry for the Food, Agriculture,
Forestry and Fisheries
MIFAFF
(Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries)
Fisheries Policy Office
Fisheries Policy Bureau
Fisheries Resources
Distant-Water Fisheries
Bureau
Bureau
Fisheries Policy in General
Resources Management
Processing / Marketing
Fishing Vessels / License
Infrastructure / Fishermen
Aquaculture
Enforcement / Safety
Environment
Distant-Water Fisheries
International Cooperation
Fishery Negotiations
Major management tools
 Input/Output control
 fishing license 3,957 / TAC for 12 species
 Buy-Back program (since 1994)
 scrapped 16,642 vessels
 Technical measures
 Closed areas and seasons, Landing, etc.
 Community based management (since 2001)
 managed by people who use them
 increasing both participants 10 times and income 8~9% / yr.
Comparison of fishery policies
Classification
Input control
Output control
Technical
measures
Resource
enhancement
Others
Korea
Japan
China
• License system
• Fishing gear size & type
• License system
• Restriction of fishing
method and vessel size
• License system
• Controlling total number
of vessels and their
power
• TAC
• TAC
-
• Closed seasons and areas
• Mesh size
• Closed seasons & areas
• Mesh size
• Closed seasons & areas
• Mesh size
• Artificial reefs
• Release of fry
• Sea farming
• Release of salmon & cod
• Artificial reefs
• Release of fry
• Release of salmon & trout
• Artificial reefs
• Release of fry
• Restrictions of catches
landing, transshipments, &
place of sale
• Co-management
• Water quality conservation
• Prohibition of sales of illegal
catches
• Fishing right management
• Coastal fishing ground
maintenance
• Prohibition of sales of
illegal catches
• Resource fee
• Regulating proportion of
fry catch
Aquaculture management
 Input controls
 licenses: 13,409 (266,717 ha)
 limit on aquaculture access => small-scale business
- prohibition of license lease
- restriction on farm size (less than 60 ha) & large company’s entry
Technical measure
 restrictions on antibiotics usage
 drain water quality conservation
Processing / Marketing
 Processing market size: $62 billion
 Certification schemes & Place-of-origin labeling system
 Electronic wholesale market & internet fisheries market
HACCP on Aquaculture & processing factories, etc.
 Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives
 Markets around producing & consumption areas
- Consignment sale spots:160 places (landing ports : 202)
- Wholesale markets (downtown)
Fishing village & port
 Fishing village renovation
 Comprehensive fishing village development project (’94 ~ )
 Sister City and Village Program (city vs. fishing village)
 Fishing village camp
 Fishing Port
 National fishing port management (110 sites)
 Marine debris collecting vessel in fishing port
 Overseas fishing port building (with relation to ODA)
Human resources
 Human Resources Enforcement
 Cultivate fisheries successor (‘81~’10): 18,750 person
 Fisheries population (’10): 171,000 person
 Declining and Graying Population
370
thousand person
over 60 years
old
171
25%
1995
130
36%
60%
2010
2020
< Fisheries Population Outlook>
4. Growth momentum for fisheries
Paradigm shift
Fishing
(capture,
aquaculture)
Food industry
Life
industry
Sustainable Fisheries
 Commencement of New Decommission Scheme
 Application-base ⇒ government’s official authority
- target: over-fishing gear (e. g. trawl)
 Stock Recovery of about 30 Species by 2020
 Port (landing) Control to Prevent IUU Fishing Activities
 Modernization of Fishing Vessels

Crews’ welfare & low-carbon emission
Aquaculture
 Abolition of access limit (step by step) => scale-up
 permit farm size more than 60 ha & license lease
 allow company’s entry
 Expansion of aquaculture farm
 coastal to off-sea, mud flat & city (fish factory)
Marine biomass
 Develop mass production tech. of seaweeds & micro-algae
 Extract bio-fuel, pulp, and plastic from marine biomass
* 1 million ha. of seaweeds farm: 4,500 million liters of motor fuel (50% of domestic
consumption)
Bio-fuel
Pulp
Plastic
Medicine
Bio-medicine
 Challenge: Difficulty in collecting marine life from nature
 Solution: Aquaculture-mass production of useful marine life
Cone shell in nature
mass production by aquaculture
extraction
Genetic breeding
 Flounder, abalone, and other major species
• 3rd generation flounder : 40%
- Faster growth rate
- Stronger for disease.
- Expected to lower production
cost by 40%
* Norway salmon: 10th generation. 300% faster growth rate. Occupies 70% of world market
Aqua-pet
 World market size : 23 billion US$
 Marine ornamental fish : decreased by resource depletion,
reef destruction
 Development of new species for aquaculture
Food industry
SAFET
Y
 Expanding HACCP: fishing farm to markets
 Adopting Eco-labeling system (proposed by FAO)
HYGIEN  Building Fisheries Base Processing Center
- Simple Collection -> Packing, clean & processing
E
QUALIT
Y
 Creating local food industry complex
 Promoting local Food brands
Human resources
THANK YOU