BiNus International
APA Referencing
English Language Services
2011
Aim of Workshop
To teach students referencing styles and
bibliography construction while providing
students with useful reference guides for
their future academic writing
English Language Services
John Honeyben – johnhoneyben@binus.edu
Ext 3203
Frank Talaue – ftalaue@binus.edu
Ext 3514
Chris Hill – chill@binus.edu
Ext 3514
http://www.binus.ac.id/els
English Clinic – 3.15pm – 4.15pm,
Mon-Fri, by
appointment
Scope of Workshop
What is Referencing?
Why do we Reference?
When do we Reference?
Methods of Referencing
In Text Citation
Full Reference List
E-Sources
Bibliography
Footnotes / Endnotes
Common Abbreviations – Latin & English
Paraphrasing
What is Referencing?
Standardised method of acknowledging
sources of information and ideas that are
used in an assignment in a way that
uniquely identifies its source
What is Referencing?
Standardised method of acknowledging
sources of information and ideas that are
used in an assignment in a way that
uniquely identifies its source
Why do we Reference?
Acknowledge the source of others work
Avoid plagiarism accusations
Display a knowledge of current literature
Demonstrate support for your ideas, opinions and
point of view
Provide examples or evidence to support own
research
Allow readers to follow-up and read cited author’s
argument
When do we Reference?
Within & at the end of the assignment when using:
Direct Quotations
Facts, Figures, Ideas & Theories – Not common
knowledge
Information rewritten in your own words (paraphrase)
From books, journals, Internet, videos, radio, TV,
lecture notes
Methods of Referencing
Harvard – aka Author-Date system
Oxford
APA
MLA
Chicago
Vancouver
Turabian
Differs between Universities/Faculties/Lecturer’s
APA CITATION FORMAT
1. In Text Citation
Short & Long Quotations
2. Reference List
Complete list of all references at the end of the
document
In-Text Citation (Short < 3 lines)
Short Quotations
APA
Inverted commas around authors actual words
Author’s words incorporated in text
Academic writers need to be cautious in their claims.
In this respect, vague language is important as it
‘allows claims to be made with due caution, modesty
and humility’ (Hyland, 1994 : 241).
Example – Short Quotation
Academic writers need to be cautious in their claims.
In this respect, vague language is important as it
‘allows claims to be made with due caution, modesty
and humility’ (Hyland, 1994, p. 241).
Inverted
commas
Brackets
surrounding
reference
Author’s
Surname
Year of Page No. Full stop
Publication
after bracket
In-Text Citation (Long > 3 lines)
Long Quotations
APA
Indented from the margin
Different type size or style
Quotation marks omitted
Jordan (1977, p. 240) also draws attention to the necessity
for being careful:
A feature of academic writing is the need to be cautious in
one’s claims and statements. In other words, you may
indicated your certainty and commitment in varying degrees.
Example – Long Quotation
Jordan (1977, p. 240) also draws attention to
the necessity for being careful:
Intro
A feature of academic writing is the need to be
Sentence cautious in one’s claims and statements. In other
words, you may indicated your certainty and
commitment in varying degrees.
Indented
No inverted
commas
Font Size
Smaller
Handout Flag A
Pg 102 – Activity A (Good Example)
Pg 102 – Activity B (Read / Identify)
Bibliography / Reference List
List of sources at the end of the essay
Reference List – Only those resources
referenced in your assignment
Bibliography – All materials used to write
the assignment
Alphabetical Order
Surnames, First Names or initials
Mc = Mac I.e before Madison
Handout Flag B
Sample Reference List
Reference List
1. Books
2. Journals
3. Electronic Sources
Referencing - Books
Second line of reference indented to highlight
alphabetical order
Author’s surname
Author’s initials
Date (in brackets)
Title (underlined or in italics)
Edition (if any)
Place of publication
Publisher
Wallace, M.J. (1980). Study Skills in English. (3rd
ed. ). Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
Referencing - Journals
Author’s surname
Author’s initials
Date (in brackets)
Title of Article
Name of Journal (underlined or in italics)
Volume Number / Issue Number
If known: season, month or page number
West, R. (1994). Needs Analysis in Language Teaching.
Language Teaching, 27(1), 1-19.
Handout Flag C
References and Bibliographies
Identify Referencing – Book / Journal
Practical Activity – p. 99
Referencing – E- Sources
www
Dawson, J.(2002), Referencing : Not Plagiarism.
Retrieved October 31, 2002 from
http://studytrekk.is.curtin.edu.au/
www (no author)
Referencing : Not Plagiarism, (2002).
Retrieved November 13, 2002 from
http://www.seadragons.com
www (no author/date)
Referencing : Not Plagiarism
Retrieved November 13, 2002 from
http://www.seadragons.com
Footnotes
Oxford Referencing Style
At the foot of each page (Vs in-text citation)
Numbered sequentially
Explains a word or an item
Adds special information / reference
Small number above the word
Endnotes
Appear at the end of the essay / chapter
Continuous numbering throughout the essay
1. Beard, R.M. and J, Hartley (1984 : 4th ed.). Teaching and Learning in Higher
Education. London : Harper and Row.
2. Hartley, J. and C.K. Knapper (1984). Academics and their Writing. Studies in
Higher Education, 9 (2).
3. Jordan, R.R. (1983). Study Skills : Experience and Expectations. In G.M. Blue
(Ed.) Language, Learning and Success : Studying through English.
Developments in ELT. London : McMillan, Modern English Teacher and the
British Council.
4. Northedge, A. (1990). The God Study Guide. Milton Keynes : The Open
University.
Common Abbreviations
Latin
For example…
et al
exempli
gratia
et alii
etc.
et cetera
And so on…
i.e.
id est
Which is to say… or That is…
ibid
ibidem
Same as last entry, when two
references in a row are from the same
source.
loc. cit.
loco citato
In the place already cited
op. cit.
opere citato
In the work already mentioned
N.B.
nota bene
Note well…
q.v.
quod vide
Refer to…
e.g.
And others…
Common Abbreviations
English
para. / paras.
paragraph(s)
ref. / refs.
reference(s)
vol. / vols.
volume(s)
p. / pp.
page(s)
no. / nos.
number(s)
ms. / mss.
manuscript(s)
l. / ll.
line(s)
Ed. / Eds.
Editor(s); edited by;
edition
is the same as
=
causes, leads to
is greater than
because
is not the same as
>
is caused by
in addition
changes according to
grows, increases
is smaller than
decreases, falls
<
doubtful point
?
therefore
Paraphrasing
Using your own words, to report someone else’s
writing, while maintaining an academic style
Replication of topic sentences and keywords in the
original text
Must be referenced
4 skills
Changing Vocabulary
Changing Verb Form
Changing Word Class
Synthesis
Handout Flag D
Reading – Paraphrase p. 93
Activity 1,2 & 3
Suggested Solution
Acty 1 – Smith and Jones (1991) discovered
that the situation had …
Suggested Solution
Acty 2 – The problems caused by seminars
were observed by Brown and White (1994)
Suggested Solution
Acty 3 – The conclusion of James and
Harris (1984), that there was a need for
note-taking practice, led to the development
of appropriate exercise
You Should Have Copies of These !
Synonym Book
Antonym Book
Thesaurus
Final Activity
In Text Citation
Paraphrasing
Reference List Review
Conclusion
What is referencing?
Why do we reference?
When do we reference?
Methods of referencing?
In text citation
Full reference list
E-sources
Bibliography
Footnotes / endnotes
Common abbreviation’s – Latin & English
Paraphrasing