Chapter 4
Operating Systems
and File Management
Chapter 4: Operating Systems
and File Management
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Operating System Basics
• Operating System Activities
• User Interfaces
• The Boot Process
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Operating System Activities
• What is an operating system?
• What does it manage?
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Operating System Activities
• Multitasking
• Multithreading
• Multiprocessing
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Operating System Activities
• Operating System Categories
– Single-user operating system
– Multiuser operating system
– Network operating system
– Desktop operating system
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User Interfaces
• What is a user interface?
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Today’s Operating Systems
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Microsoft Windows
Mac OS
UNIX and Linux
DOS
Handheld Operating Systems
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Microsoft Windows
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Mac OS
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Mac OS
Dual Boot vs. PC-Emulation
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UNIX and Linux
• Unix is a mainframe OS
• Linux can run on PCs or mainframes
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DOS
• What is DOS?
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Handheld Operating Systems
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File Basics
• File Names and Extensions
• File Directories and Folders
• File Formats
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File Names and Extensions
• File-naming conventions
– Maximum length
– Prohibited characters
– No reserved words
– Case sensitivity
• File extensions
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File Directories and Folders
• An operating system maintains a directory
for each disk, tape, CD, DVD, or USB
flash drive
• File location
C:\My Documents\ResearchPaper.doc
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File Formats
• File association list
• File extension
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File Formats
• Native file format
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File Formats
An easy way to convert a file
from one format to another is
to open it with an application
that supports both file formats,
and then use the Save As dialog
box to select an alternative
file format.
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File Management
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Application-based File Management
File Management Utilities
File Management Metaphors
Windows Explorer
File Management Tips
Physical File Storage
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Application-based File
Management
• Applications typically provide a way to
open files and save them in a specific
folder on a storage device
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Application-based File
Management
The Save As dialog box
not only helps you name
a file and designate its
destination drive, but
also allows you to
rename files, delete
files, create folders, and
rename folders.
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File Management Utilities
• File management
utilities
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File Management Metaphors
• Storage metaphors
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Windows Explorer
• Windows Explorer
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File Management Tips
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Use descriptive names
Maintain file extensions
Group similar files
Organize your folders from the top down
Consider using the My Documents default
directory
• Do not mix data files and program files
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File Management Tips
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Don’t store files in the root directory
Access files from the hard disk
Follow copyright rules
Delete or archive files you no longer need
Be aware of storage locations
Back up
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Physical File Storage
• Physical storage model
• Formatting
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Physical File Storage
Windows includes a floppy
disk formatting utility, which
can be accessed from the
A: (Floppy disk) icon in the
My Computer window or
Windows Explorer.
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Physical File Storage
• The file system
keeps track of the
names and
locations of files
– NTFS
– FAT32
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Physical File Storage
• Deleting a file
• Files in the Windows Recycle Bin and
similar utilities can be undeleted
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Physical File Storage
• Fragmented files
• Defragmentation utilities
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Backup Security
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Backup Basics
Data File Backup
System Backup
Boot and Recovery Disks
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Backup Basics
• What is a backup?
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Backup Basics
• Your backup schedule depends on how
much data you can afford to lose
• You should run an up-to-date virus check
as the first step in your backup routine
• The backup device you select depends on
the value of your data, your current
equipment, and your budget
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Backup Basics
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Data File Backup
• CD or DVD drive can be used to backup
personal files
• Store all files to be backed up in the same
location
• It’s good to backup everything
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Data File Backup
• To restore from a data file backup, copy
files from your backup to your hard disk
• System Restore (Windows Me and XP)
and System Protection (Windows Vista)
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System Backup
• Backup software
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System Backup
• Full backup
• Differential backup
• Incremental backup
• Keep more than one set of backups
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Boot and Recovery Disks
• A boot disk is a removable storage
medium containing the operating system
files needed to boot your computer without
accessing the hard disk
– Format has an option to create a DOS boot
disk
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Boot and Recovery Disks
• A recovery disk loads
hardware drivers and
user settings as well as
the operating system
– Sometimes included with
new computer systems
– The Windows XP Backup
utility creates a set of
Automated System
Recovery disks
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Boot and Recovery Disks
• You can create a custom recovery CD that
contains your computer’s current settings and
device drivers
• Norton Ghost is a product of Symantec, which
also provides a more specialized recovery disk
called the Symantec Recovery Disk
• Certain PC manufacturers have pre-installed
Norton Ghost and the recovery environment on
some of their computers
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Chapter 4 Complete
Operating Systems
and File Management
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and File Management
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