Chapter 1
Introduction to Chemistry
Pioneer High School
Mr. David Norton
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Section 1.1
Chemistry
 OBJECTIVES:
–Define chemistry and differentiate
among it’s traditional divisions.
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Section 1.1
Chemistry
 OBJECTIVES:
–List several reasons to study
chemistry.
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What is Chemistry?
 The
study of “matter”, its composition,
properties, and the changes it
undergoes. Everyday life?
 Applied Chemistry- is using chemistry
to attain certain goals, in fields like
medicine, agriculture, and
manufacturing
 Pure chemistry- gathers knowledge
for the sake of knowledge
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5 Major Areas of Chemistry
 Analytical
Chemistry- concerned with
the composition of substances.
 Inorganic Chemistry- primarily deals
with substances without carbon
 Organic Chemistry- essentially all
substances containing carbon
 Biochemistry- Chemistry of living
things
 Physical Chemistry- describes the
behavior of chemicals (ex. stretching)
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Chemistry is
 central
to modern science, and to
almost all human endeavors.
 important to all sciences - biology,
geology, physics, engineers, etc.
 a natural science.
 a language with its own vocabulary.
 a way of thinking.
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Why Study Chemistry?
 everyone
and everything around us
involves chemistry
 What in the world isn’t Chemistry?
 helps you make choices
 possible career for your future
 used to attain a specific goal
 Do you remember “pure” and
“applied” chemistry?
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Section 1.2
Chemistry Far and Wide
 OBJECTIVES:
–Summarize ways in which
chemistry affects your daily life.
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Section 1.2
Chemistry Far and Wide
 OBJECTIVES:
–Describe the impact of chemistry
on various fields of science.
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Chemistry Far and Wide
 Materials-
perfume, steel, ceramics,
plastics, rubber, paints, nonstick
cooking utensils, polyester fibers
 Energy- greater demands
–conserve it, or produce more
–fossil fuels, solar, batteries,
nuclear (don’t forget pollution!)
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Chemistry Far and Wide
 Medicine
and Biotechnology–vitamin C, penicillin, aspirin
–materials for artery transplants
and hipbones
–Human Genome Project
–bacteria producing insulin
–cloning
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Chemistry Far and Wide
world’s food supply
–plant growth hormones
–ways to protect crops
–disease resistant plants
 The Environment- both risks and
benefits involved in discoveries
–carbon dioxide, ozone, warming
 Agriculture-
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Chemistry Far and Wide
 Astronomy
and Space Exploration–composition of the planets
–analyze moon rocks
–planet atmospheres
–life on other planets?
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Section 1.3
Thinking Like a Scientist
 OBJECTIVES:
–Describe the steps involved in the
scientific method.
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Section 1.3
Thinking Like a Scientist
 OBJECTIVES:
–Distinguish between a theory and
a scientific law.
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The Scientific Method
 A logical
approach to solving
problems or answering questions.
 Starts with observation- noting and
recording facts
 hypothesis- an educated guess as
to the cause of the problem, or a
proposed explanation
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Scientific Method
“controlled” experiment- designed to
test the hypothesis
 only two possible answers
– hypothesis is right
– hypothesis is wrong
 Generates data observations from
experiments.
 Modify hypothesis - repeat the cycle

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 Cycle
Observations
Hypothesis
Experiment
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repeats
many times.
 The hypothesis
gets more and
more certain.
 Becomes a theory
– A thoroughly
tested model
that explains
why things
behave a certain
way.
 Theory
Observations
Hypothesis
Experiment
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can never
be proven- due to
new information
 Useful because
they predict
behavior
 Help us form
mental pictures of
processes
(models)
Another outcome is
that certain behavior
is repeated many
times
 Scientific Law is
developed (math?)
 Describes how
things behave
 Law- tells how
 Theory- tells why

Observations
Hypothesis
Experiment
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Observations
Hypothesis
Theory
(Model)
Modify
Experiment
Prediction
Law
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Experiment
Section 1.4
How to Study Chemistry
 OBJECTIVES:
–Explain why learning chemistry
requires daily effort.
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Section 1.4
How to Study Chemistry
 OBJECTIVES:
–Describe the importance of
writing in the study of chemistry.
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How to Study Chemistry
 Understanding
and Applying
Concepts
–requires effort on your part
–read materials carefully
–take thorough notes you can use
–study often and effectively
–quiet, well-lit, remove distractions
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How to Study Chemistry
 Understanding
and Applying
Concepts
–chemistry has a language of it’s
own, so learn the vocabulary
–look around you, and make the
connection to the level of atoms
and molecules
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How to Study Chemistry
 Using
Your Textbook
–name chemical compounds
–write chemical formulas
–interpret graphs
–techniques to solve problems
 Use your Teacher and Textbook!
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How to Study Chemistry
 Using
Your Textbook
–take good notes
–solve Practice Problems
–read, keeping objectives in mind
–use the Chem ASAP! CD-ROM
–Student Study Guide (p. 24)
–section summaries; Key Terms
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How to Study Chemistry
 On
Your Own
–go beyond the textbook
–make flashcards
–reread and rewrite notes
–quiz yourself and classmates
–form a study group
–ASK, ASK, and ASK
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How to Study Chemistry
 Tests
and Quizzes
–cramming never a good idea
–set aside a certain amount of
time every day
–get enough rest daily; nutrition
–read tests carefully / thoroughly
–do easy problems first
–show work, and evaluate answer
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