Will Hyper-V Change the Virtualization Game? Microsoft’s First High Quality Foray Into Virtualization © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 1 Will Hyper-V Change the Virtualization Game? Nelson Ruest Technology Futurist and Author Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. Web: www.Reso-Net.com Email: nelson@reso-net.com © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 2 Agenda • Best of breed virtualization scenarios • Hyper-V Features • Hyper-V versus market leaders • Hyper-V workarounds • Top Hyper-V deployment scenarios • Final thoughts © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 4 Best of Breed Virtualization Scenarios © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 5 Architect Virtualization Most organizations rely on a Seven-Layer Virtual Architecture Achieving Best Of Breed Infrastructures • VMware has been at work in the virtualization realm for over 10 years • They have offered a firmware-based hypervisor for more than one year and it is now free • Their virtualization management and administration toolkit is ripe and complete • They pretty well invented x86 virtualization With a 10-year lag behind, can Microsoft really make an impact? © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 7 “Missing” Elements In Hyper-V • Much of the industry claims Microsoft’s Hyper-V is missing key features • VMware offers VMotion — a technology that moves Virtual Machines (VMs) from host to host while they deliver services to end users • VMware offers Distributed Resource Scheduling — policy-based resource allocation to VMs • VMware offers special RAM management features • Microsoft Hyper-V does not offer any of these features © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 8 Hyper-V Features Just what does Hyper-V offer? © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 9 Hyper-V Features • Built on Windows Server 2008 • Enables Hyper-V to support a multitude of devices and server configurations • Guest OS Support • Supports different types of 32- or 64-bit operating systems that run simultaneously (Windows and Linux) © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 10 Hyper-V Features (Continued) • SMP Support • Supports up to four processors in a virtual environment • Virtual Networking • Includes a new virtual switch — VMs can be configured to run Windows NLB or Failover Clustering © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 11 Hyper-V Features (Continued) • Hardware Sharing Architecture • Provides access and utilization of core resources (disk, networking and video) using the virtual service provider/virtual service client (VSP/VSC) architecture • Quick Migration • Can move a running VM from one system to another with minimal downtime with Windows Server and System Center management tools © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 12 Hyper-V Features (Continued) • Virtual Machine Snapshot • Can take up to 512 snapshots of a running VM • Scalability • • Can support several VMs within a given host Runs exclusively on x64 platform • Extensible • Includes WMI and APIs that allow ISVs to build custom tools or utilities © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 13 Hyper-V Features (Continued) • Come in two flavors: • Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V • Standard edition supports one virtual machine • Enterprise and Datacenter editions support failover clustering and therefore high availability for all virtual machines • Windows Hyper-V Server • Free version (download from Microsoft Web site) • Based on standard edition • Does not support high availability (HA) • Must run a host re-installation to obtain HA (replace with complete Windows Server 2008 with Hyper-V version) © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 14 Windows Server Hyper-V Structure © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 15 Hyper-V versus Market Leaders How does Hyper-V rate? © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 16 Metric VMware Microsoft Citrix Negligible 1 CPU Core 1 CPU Core 32 MB+** 512 MB +*** 256 to 512 MB + Maximum CPU Sockets (Host) 32 cores 24 cores Unlimited**** Maximum CPU Sockets (Guest) 4 4***** 8 Required Management NIC(s) 1 1 1 Maximum number of servers in a pool or cluster 32 16 16 Number of VMs per CPU Core 8 to 11 8 2 to 8 Maximum Memory (Guest) 64 GB 64 GB 32 GB 192 184 Unlimited**** Hypervisor Operation Overhead Market Leader Hypervisor 256 GB 32 GB Metrics to 2 TB* 128 GB Maximum Memory (Host) RAM for Hypervisor Simultaneous Active Guests/Host * ** *** **** 32 MB for Standard edition, 1 TB for Enterprise and Datacenter Editions 32 MB plus 30 MB plus 15% of allocated RAM per VM plus VM memory 512 MB Server Core plus 32 MB for each VM plus the VM memory License does not limit number of sockets or number of running guests. However, physical resources will limit these numbers to 32 cores and 50 VMs. ***** Only for Windows Server 2008 © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 17 Market Leader Hypervisor Metrics Metric Guest OS Support VMware •Microsoft Windows 3.1/3.11/95/98/Me/NT/2000/ 2003/2008/XP/Vista x86 or x64 •MS-DOS 6.x •Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1/3/4/5 •Red Hat Advanced Server 2.1 Microsoft Citrix •Microsoft Windows 2000/2003/ 2008/XP Pro/Vista x86 and x64 •SUSE Enterprise Linux Server 10 SP1 •Microsoft Windows 2003 SP2 x64 •Microsoft Windows 2000 SP4/2003/SBS 2003/2008/XP SP2/Vista x86 •CentOS 4.1/4.2/4.3/4.4/4.5/5.0/5.1 x86 and 5.0/5.1 x64 •Red Hat Linux 7.2/7.3/8.0/9.0 •SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 8/9/10 •SUSE Linux 8.2/9.0/9.1/9.2/9.3 •FreeBSD 4.9/4.10/4.11/5.0 •TurboLinux 7.0, Enterprise Server/Workstation 8 •Novell Linux Desktop 9 •Oracle Enterprise Linux 5.0/5.1 x86 and x64 •Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.5/3.6/3.7/4.1/4.2/4.3/4.4/5 x86 and 5.0/5.1 x64 •SUSE Enterprise Linux Server 9 SP2/9 SP3/10 SP1 32-bit •Sun Java Desktop System 2 •NetWare 6.5/6.0/5.1 •Solaris 9/10 for x86 •Debian Sarge 3.1/Etch 4.0 32-bit 64-bit Guest Support © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. Most x64 OSes Windows 64-bit OSes Windows 64-bit OSes 18 Memory Management • VMware supports key memory management features • RAM Over-Commitment lets you allocate more memory to VMs than exists on a host • Relies on policy-based VM management to move machines if they need it • Transparent Page Sharing stores only one copy of a duplicate file in host RAM • Min/Max Memory Settings on VMs let you assign a minimum and a maximum memory setting to a VM • Memory Ballooning lets you recover memory from VMs that are not using it and allocate it to others • Hyper-V does not support any of these features © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 19 Hyper-V Configurations • Typical Host • • Two CPUs with four cores each (eight cores) 32 GB RAM • With VMware, this host can run up to 64 virtual machines running a single virtual processor core each; more if they are virtual desktops • Each VMware machine can be assigned amounts of RAM that total more than the physical RAM in the host server because of ESX’s memory features © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 20 Hyper-V Configurations (Continued) • With Hyper-V, this host can potentially run up to 56 virtual machines, but because the VMs cannot use memory over-commitment, the actual number will be limited by the host RAM and the amount of RAM allocated to each VM • To run 56 VMs on this configuration, each VM could only have access to 512 MB of RAM • However, Windows Server is certified on thousands of server configurations and hosts can potentially have up to 2 TB of RAM • VMware is only certified on hundreds of server configurations © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 21 Market Leader Management Tools Feature VMware Microsoft Citrix VM/Host Management VirtualCenter Hyper-V Console SC Virtual Machine Manager XenCenter Market Leader Management Tools VM Provisioning Lifecycle Manager SC Virtual Machine Manager Third-party Live VM Migration VMotion Quick Migration XenMotion LAN High Availability: VMs High Availability Failover Clustering Resource Pool LAN High Availability: Storage Storage VMotion plus thirdparty Windows Server Simple SAN plus third-party XenMotion plus third-party Backup Consolidated Backup plus Windows Server Backup XenCenter plus third-party third-party SC Data Protection Manager VM Placement Distributed Resource SC Operations Manager XenCenter with dynamic Management Scheduler SC Virtual Machine Manager provisioning Policy-based Resource Allocation Distributed Resource Scheduler SC Operations Manager Third-party Security VMsafe plus third-party Windows Server Integration and third-party Third-party Patching and Updates Update Manager Windows Server Update Services XenCenter for hosts SC Configuration Manager WSUS for VMs Host Power Management Distributed Power Management SC Operations Manager at host level Third-party WAN BCM Site Recovery Manager Failover Clustering, Geoclusters XenCenter © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 22 Market Leader Lab Management Tools Feature VMware Microsoft Citrix P2V, V2V, V2P Converter SC VMM XenConvert Single VM Staging for Testing or Development Lab Manager SCVMM Self-serve Web Portal Third-party Entire VM Environment for Testing or Development Lab Manager Third-party or custom scripts Third-party Lab Environment Graduation Management Stage Manager Third-party or custom scripts Third-party System Automation VI Toolkit for Windows (PowerShell ) PowerShell in WS08 Third-party © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 23 Hyper-V Management • Microsoft offers almost as many virtualization management tools as VMware • However, Microsoft’s interfaces are all different — Hyper-V Manager, SCVMM, SCOM, SCCM and so on — and even some terminology is different • Administrators must relearn each tool and interface • VMware uses one single interface for all tools: VirtualCenter (now vCenter) • Each new added function simply adds more functionality to the tool © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 24 Hyper-V Workarounds Can Hyper-V meet high availability requirements? © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 25 Achieving HA With Hyper-V • High availability is a must for any hypervisor • VMware’s HA function relies on two key tools: • The HA feature links host servers together into a cluster-like formation • The Virtual Machine File System (VMFS) creates a sharable virtual machine file system • Note that the Network File System (NFS) can also provide sharable VM file storage © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 26 Achieving HA With Hyper-V (Cont’d) • Windows Server 2008 — even Server Core — includes Failover Clustering • Can create both single site and multi-site clusters to link hosts together for high availability • Must use a third-party replication technology for multi-site clusters • Note that the free Hyper-V Server does not include the Failover Clustering feature © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 27 Products Supported In An HA Configuration Product BizTalk Server WSFCAware WSFCIndependent X X Commerce Server WSFCIncompatible NLBCompatible X X SC Configuration Manager X Exchange 2000 and later X IIS X X ISA Server X X X X X Office SharePoint Portal Server X X Operations Manager X Microsoft Identity Lifecycle Manager X Office Communications Server (OCS) Office Project Server SQL Server 2000 and later X X Services Supported In An HA Configuration Product or Service WSFCAware COM + WSFCIncompatible X DHCP-WINS X X File sharing X Microsoft Message Queuing X Print services X Terminal Services Windows Deployment Services NLB-Compatible X DFS Distributed Transaction Coordinator WSFCIndependent X X Windows Server Update Services X Windows SharePoint Services X X Windows Streaming Media X X Rely On Shared Storage For Single Site HA • Store all VMs on shared storage subsystem • Supports high availability through ‘clustering’ — one system can hand off VM workload to another without moving files • Provides site-level redundancy © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. Host Server Configurations • The very best host server configuration is: • 64-bit server (up to 2 TB of RAM and 16 TB of virtual memory) • • • • Minimum two quad-core CPUs Minimum 32 GB of RAM (64 GB or more preferred) Minimum four 1 Gbit/s NICs, two for iSCSI, two for VMs No DAS, boot from SAN or firmware © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. Server Configurations For Multi-Site HA SAN SAN Replication Site A Site B • Hyper-V can provide multi-site HA through its built-in Failover Clustering feature, however a third-party replication tool is required © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 32 Configure For High Availability • Make sure you configure your host systems to support high availability and virtual workload mobility • This means having spare host servers in each pool • Each host should be a backup for another host (active-active clusters) © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 33 Achieve VMotion With Hyper-V • VMware achieves VM mobility through VMotion • VMotion offers zero downtime • Hyper-V uses Quick Motion which saves the state of a VM and then restarts it • Quick Motion offers minimal downtime when moving machines (less than 4 seconds in some host configurations) • However, virtual machines running Windows Server can rely on Failover Clustering or Network Load Balancing to provide VMotion-like machine mobility • Host each VM cluster node on a different host server for maximum availability © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 34 Dynamic Machine Movement With Hyper-V VMA is hosted on ServerA SAN Workload from VM A is failed over to VMB on ServerB SAN Virtual workloads are highly available because of Windows features SAN Clustering at the Virtual Layer lets you move workloads without impact to end users while running in any hypervisor! © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 35 Policy-Based Resource Management • Management through policies is also highly useful when you need to patch or update host servers • Given the right tools, you can even turn off the secondary host server once the job is finished © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. Policy-Based VM Management • VMware uses Distributed Resource Scheduler along with VMotion to move VMs and reallocate resources as needed • All you need to do is create the policy • Windows Server 2008 relies on SC Operations Manager and SC Virtual Machine Manager together to perform a similar activity • But, since it does not support memory overcommitment, there is little point in moving VMs except for host maintenance purposes © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 37 Top Hyper-V Deployment Scenarios Does Hyper-V fit in the Dynamic Datacenter? © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 38 Best Uses For Hyper-V • VMware is a more dynamic solution than Hyper-V since it supports resource over-commitment • After all, low resource usage is the reason you transform physical servers into virtual machines • VMware hosts can run more machines on any given host than other hypervisors because of this feature • But you must have additional hosts with spare resources to support machine movements during peak loads • Because of this, VMware supports Variable Resource VMs • Both XenServer and Hyper-V are limited to Fixed Resource VMs • Because of this, host RAM is a hard limit for the supported number of VMs per host © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 39 Understand OS Licensing • Windows Server R2 Enterprise Edition includes 4 Virtual • OS and up to 4 guests Instances Windows Windows Windows Windows • Hardware • Old License Model • • • • Valid on any hypervisor • Use the Microsoft Virtualization Calculator at http://www.microsoft.com/windowsser ver2003/howtobuy/licensing/calculator. Total: 1 License + $28 Windows Vista Desktop • Windows Vista Enterprise Centralized Desktop • 4 running instances per user © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. Windows Server Datacenter Edition allows unlimited guests Windows Server R2 and 2008 • • Total: 5 Windows Licenses Each additional license gives you up to 4 more guests Virtualization Layer ‘Any’ Hypervisor License includes physical host mspx • Learn about VECD at: http://www.microsoft.com/virtualizatio n/solution-product-vecd.mspx Hyper-V Virtualization Scenarios Production Server Consolidation Business Continuity Management Test and Development Despite its higher hardware overhead, Hyper-V supports every virtualization scenario © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. Dynamic Datacenter 41 Potential And Real Hyper-V Cost Savings Category Potential Savings Power Savings $300 to $600 per virtualized server Cooling Savings Up to $400 per virtualized server Hardware Savings From $2,500 to $$$ per virtualized server License Savings (Microsoft) 75% of Enterprise license per virtualized server Server Utilization Ratio Up from ~10% to ~80% Power Rebates Up to 50% total cost of the project (Selected Utility Firms) Government Rebates Variable reduction rates on income tax (Selected States) Space Savings 50+% space reduction (based on an average of 7 VMs per physical host) Complete Management Suite © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 70% lower with Microsoft than with VMware The Bottom Line • Small and medium businesses will be very attracted to Hyper-V • • • • • No relearning; built into Windows Integrated license Can run on Server Core or Full Install Can run on thousands of low-cost hardware configurations Can even rely on DAS to create HA configurations • Remote offices can also rely on Hyper-V to keep costs down • Datacenters that are serious about VM mobility will continue to rely on VMware, not the first version of Hyper-V • This is one reason why large organizations will most likely run at least two, if not more, hypervisors © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 43 QUESTIONS? Nelson Ruest Email: nelson@reso-net.com © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 44 Speaker Background • Senior enterprise consultant with over 20 years experience in migration, planning and network, PC and server design, MVP Failover Clustering, MCSE + Security, MCT • Free eBook: The Definitive Guide to Vista Migration Free Chapters are available at: http://www.realtime-nexus.com/DGVM.htm • New book: “Virtualization: A Beginner’s Guide” • Also co-author of several other books • Passionate Advocate for doing things right with information technologies! © 2008, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 45