ENDOCRINE
PROJECT
By: Katie Glaeser
Melanie Olmedo
8th
January 13, 2014
Female Gonads (ovaries)
 The
female
gonads
(ovaries) are
located in the
pelvis, one on
each side of
the uterus.
HORMONES
• MAJOR:
• ESTROGEN
• PROMOTES THE DEVELOPMENT
AND MAINTENANCE OF FEMALE
SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS
• PROGESTERONE
• PREPARE AND MAINTAIN THE
BODY FOR PREGNANCY
 Minor:
 LH (luteinizing hormone)
Hormones
Continued
 triggers ovulation and development of the corpus
luteum.
 FSH(follicle stimulating hormone)
 released by the anterior pituitary gland
 HCG (human chorionic gonadotrophin)
 produced during pregnancy
 GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone)
 released during a menstrual cycle or giving birth
Relaxin
produced during pregnancy
Steroid
hormones:
Estrogen and
Progesterone
Sex
hormones:
estrogen
Hormones Affect on the Body

The two hormones affect the body by
controlling the development of female
body characteristics such as:

Breasts

Body Shape

Body Hair

They also regulate the menstrual cycle
and pregnancy.

Increases growth of bones during
adolescence that lead to adult height
and proportions.
Homeostasis
Progesterone is most
active in females during
ovulation and pregnancy
where it maintains
appropriate conditions in
the human body to support a
developing fetus.
Homeostasis Continued
• Estrogens- A loss contributes to
• Negative effects on the brain and
homeostasis
• Estrogen helps improve blood flow to the
brain and prevents Alzheimer disease
• Blocks the production of chemicals
contributing to it.
• Increases the level of serotonin
• a chemical in the brain known to improve
mood.
• A loss of estrogen can not only affect
womens physical health but mental
health as well
POSITIVE FEEDBACK:
Causes Menstrual Cycles
• OCCURS BEFORE OVULATION
• ESTROGEN CAUSES THE RELEASE
OF GNRH(GONADOTROPINRELEASING HORMONE) FROM
THE HYPOTHALAMUS
• LH(LUTEINIZING HORMONE)
FROM THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY
• LH CAUSES THE RELEASE OF
ESTROGEN
Negative Feedback:
Stops Menstrual Cycles
• Occurs after Ovulation
• Corpus luteum secretes
progesterone because
of the LH hormone
• Progesterone inhibits
GnRH from the
hypothalamus and LH
from the anterior
pituitary
Animation
• http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter28/anima
tion__positive_and_negative_feedback__quiz_2_.html
OVARY FAILURE
Hypogonadism
• Causes: genetic
disorders, infection, liver
and kidney disease,
radiation
• Effects: no hormones are
produced, no menstrual
cycles
• Treatments: Hormone
based medicines usually
come in pills or skin
patches.
Ovary Failure Continued
DISEASES
Diseases Continued
Sources
• http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8978
• http://faculty.stcc.edu/AandP/AP/AP2pages/reprod/female1.htm
• http://www.healthywomen.org/condition/progesterone
• http://www.menopauseatoz.com/00058.shtml
• http://www.ovarydisease.com/>
• http://www.medicinenet.com/ovarian_cancer/article.htm>
• http://www.medicinenet.com/polycystic_ovary/article.htm>
• http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001195.htm