Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 75
Topic: 22.2 Male and Female Sex Hormones
Essential Question: How do hormones play
a key role in the menstrual cycle?
22.2 Male and Female Sex
Hormones
How do hormones play a key role in the menstrual
cycle?
Human Reproduction
Hormones play a key role in human reproduction
Human Reproduction
Development of sexual dimorphism
• Different body forms of males and females
Male Sex Hormones
Male hormones control the male
reproductive functions and are secreted by
the:
• Hypothalamus
• Pituitary gland
• Testes
• In charge of sperm cell production
• Oversee the development and maintenance
of male sex characteristics
Male Sex Hormones
Prior to ten years of age, the male body is
reproductively immature:
• Body is childlike
• Spermatogenic cells of the testes are
undifferentiated (haven’t become sperm)
Male Sex Hormones
Hypothalamus secretes Gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH):
• Enters blood vessels leading to pituitary
gland which in response will secrete
gonadotropins:
• LH
• FSH
Male Sex Hormones
Luteinizing Hormone (LH): promotes the
development of the forming cells of the
testes, which will secrete male sex
hormones
Ex: Testosterone
Male Sex Hormones
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): stimulates the seminiferous tubules in the
testes to grow/mature and RESPOND to the male sex hormone testosterone
• FSH + testosterone= stimulate spermatogenesis or sperm production
Male Sex Hormones
Testosterone in males is transported in
the blood:
• Begins during fetal development and
continues for several weeks after birth
• Ceases during childhood
• About 13-15 yrs old (puberty),
testosterone production increases
quickly
• Will become reproductively functional at this time
• Continues throughout lifetime
Male Sex Hormones
Testosterone:
• Determines the development of male
genitalia during embryonic development
• Ensures development of secondary sex
characteristics during puberty
• Body hair on face, chest, pubic region
• Enlargement of the larynx and thickening of the
vocal cords (lowering pitch of voice)
• Increased muscular growth, broadening of
shoulders, and narrowing of waist
• Maintains the sex drive of males
throughout their lifetime
Female Sex Hormones
Female hormones control the female
reproductive functions and are secreted by
the:
• Hypothalamus
• Pituitary gland
• Ovaries
• In charge of the maturation of female sex
cells (eggs)
• Changes that occur during the monthly
reproductive cycle
Female Sex Hormones
Prior to ten years of age, the female body is
reproductively immature:
• Body is childlike
Menstrual Cycle
• The menstrual cycle prepares the ovaries for ovulation and the uterus for
implantation
• Starts at puberty
• On average, 28 day cycle
• Purpose: to time the release of an egg or ovum (ovulation) for possible
fertilization and later implantation into the inner lining of the uterus
• This implantation MUST occur when the uterine inner lining (the
endometrium) is rich with blood vessels
• It will shed if no implantation occurs
• This breakdown leads to menstrual bleeding
• This is a sign no pregnancy occurred
Menstrual Cycle
• The hypothalamus is the regulatory center
of the menstrual cycle
• Produces a hormone known as
gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
• The target tissue is the pituitary gland
• Results in the production and secretion
of two hormones into the bloodstream
• Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
• Luteinizing hormone (LH)
• The target tissues for these hormones
are the ovaries
gland
Ovaries
Oestrogen
Progesterone
(after ovulation)
Endometrium of
uterus
Menstrual Cycle
• Luteinizing hormone (LH): Stimulates certain
ovarian cells to secrete molecules which are
used to produce estrogen
gland
Ovaries
Estrogen
Progesterone
(after ovulation)
Endometrium of
uterus
Menstrual Cycle
• Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH):
Stimulates maturation of an ovarian follicle
which will produce estrogen and
progesterone
gland
Ovaries
Estrogen
Progesterone
(after ovulation)
Endometrium of
uterus
Female Sex Hormones
Estrogen:
• Primary source is from the ovaries (if
not pregnant)
• About 13-15 yrs old (puberty)
• Ensures development of secondary sex
characteristics during puberty
• Development of breasts and the mammary glands
within the breasts
• Increased adipose (fat) tissue in the breasts, thighs,
and buttocks
• Increased growth of hair in the pubic region
Estrogen and the Menstrual Cycle
Estrogen:
• Estrogen enters the blood stream
• Target tissue is the endometrium of the uterus
• Results in an increase the blood vessels of the
endometrium
Progesterone and the Menstrual Cycle
Progesterone:
• Causes the endometrium to become
more vascular and glandular
• Stimulates uterine glands to secrete
nutritious fluids to the endometrial
tissue which provide a favorable
environment for embryonic
development
Menstrual Cycle
• Low levels of progesterone and estrogen
signal the hypothalamus to begin secreting
GnRH and thus another menstrual cycle
begins!
• There is no beginning or end of the
menstrual cycle
• We designate the first day of the menstrual
cycle as the first day of menstruation
Ovulation & the Menstrual Cycle (4m5s)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJsrGmWeKE
Homework/Classwork
• Analyze the graph showing hormone levels in
the menstrual cycle, illustrating the
relationship between changes in hormone
levels and ovulation, menstruation, and
thickening of the endometrium
• Answer the questions
Body Story: Teen Dreams 45m 31s
P. 74
• Take at least 15 bullets through the
video
• What did you learn about male and
female adolescent bodies that you
didn’t know before (3)
• What are the major difference
between the changes that males vs.
females go through during puberty?
(3)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DGVPQF03tfI