1980s
Space Shuttle
• The Space Shuttle was a partially
reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft
system operated by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space
Administration
(NASA). Its official program
name was Space Transportation System, taken from a 1969 plan for
a system of reusable spacecraft of which it was the only item
funded for development. The first of four orbital test flights
occurred in 1981, leading to operational flights beginning in 1982.
They were used on a total of 135 missions from 1981 to 2011,
launched from the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida.
Operational missions launched numerous satellites, interplanetary
probes, and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST); conducted science
experiments in orbit; and participated in construction and servicing
of the International Space Station. The Shuttle fleet's total mission
time was 1322 days, 19 hours, 21 minutes and 23 seconds.
Compact Disc (CD) llo hi hey
• Compact disc (CD) is a digital optical disc
data storage format. The format was originally
developed to store and play only sound recordings but was later adapted
for storage of data (CD-ROM). Several other formats were further derived
from these, including write-once audio and data storage (CD-R), rewritable
media (CD-RW), Video Compact Disc (VCD), Super Video Compact Disc
(SVCD), Photo CD, PictureCD, CD-i, and Enhanced Music CD. Audio CDs and
audio CD players have been commercially available since October 1982.
• Standard CDs have a diameter of 120 millimetres (4.7 in) and can hold up
to about 80 minutes of uncompressed audio or about 700 MiB of data.
The Mini CD has various diameters ranging from 60 to 80 millimetres (2.4
to 3.1 in); they are sometimes used for CD singles, storing up to 24
minutes of audio, or delivering device drivers.
• At the time of the technology's introduction in 1982, a CD had greater
capacity than a personal computer hard drive. By the 2010s hard drives
commonly had capacities exceeding those of CDs by a factor of several
thousand.
The Internet
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•
•
he Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet
protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link several billion devices worldwide. It is a network of networks
that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of
local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking
technologies. The Internet carries an
extensive range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext
documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and
peer-to-peer networks for file sharing.
The origins of the Internet date back to research commissioned by the United States
government in the 1960s to build robust, fault-tolerant communication via computer
networks. The primary precursor network, the ARPANET, initially served as a backbone for
interconnection of regional academic and military networks in the 1980s. The funding of a
new U.S. backbone by the National Science Foundation in the 1980s, as well as private
funding for other commercial backbones, led to worldwide participation in the development
of new networking technologies, and the merger of many networks. The linking of
commercial enterprises by the early 1990s marks the beginning of the transition to the
modern Internet, and generated a sustained exponential growth as generations of
institutional, personal, and mobile computers were connected to the network.
Disposable cameras hi hello
• Disposable or single-use camera is a simple box camera
sold with a roll of film installed, meant to be used once.
Most use fixed-focus lenses. Some are equipped with an
integrated flash unit, and there are even waterproof
versions for underwater photography. Internally, the
cameras use a 135 film or an APS cartridge.
• While some disposables contain an actual cartridge as used
for loading normal, reusable cameras, others just have the
film wound internally on an open spool. The whole camera
is handed in for processing. Some of the cameras are
recycled, i.e. refilled with film and resold. The cameras are
returned for "processing" in the same fashion as film
cameras.
Macintosh
• The Macintosh (mak-in-tosh; branded as Mac since 1998) is
a series of personal computers (PCs) designed, developed,
and marketed by Apple Inc. Steve Jobs introduced the
original Macintosh computer on January 24, 1984. This was
the first mass-market personal computer featuring an
integral graphical user interface and mouse.[1] This first
model was later renamed to "Macintosh 128k" for
uniqueness amongst a populous family of subsequently
updated models which are also based on Apple's same
proprietary architecture. Since 1998, Apple has largely
phased out the Macintosh name in favor of "Mac", though
the product family has been nicknamed "Mac" or "the
Mac" since the development of the first model.
Microsoft
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•
Microsoft Corporation (commonly referred to as Microsoft) is an American
multinational technology company headquartered in Redmond, Washington, that
develops, manufactures, licenses, supports and sells computer software, consumer
electronics and personal computers and services. Its best known software
products are the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, Microsoft Office,
office suite, and Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers. Its flagship hardware
products are the Xbox game consoles and the Microsoft Surface tablet lineup. It is
the world's largest software maker measured by revenues. It is also one of the
world's most valuable companies.
Microsoft was founded by Paul Allen and Bill Gates on April 4, 1975, to develop
and sell BASIC interpreters for Altair 8800. It rose to dominate the personal
computer operating system market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s, followed by
Microsoft Windows. The company's 1986 initial public offering, and subsequent
rise in its share price, created three billionaires and an estimated 12,000
millionaires from Microsoft employees. Since the 1990s, it has increasingly
diversified from the operating system market and has made a number of corporate
acquisitions. In May 2011, Microsoft acquired Skype Technologies for $8.5 billion
in its largest acquisition to date.
Mobile Phone
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A mobile phone (also known as a cellular phone, cell phone, hand phone, or
simply a phone) is a phone that can make and receive telephone calls over a radio
link while moving around a wide geographic area. It does so by connecting to a
cellular network provided by a mobile phone operator, allowing access to the
public telephone network. By contrast, a cordless telephone is used only within
the short range of a single, private base station.
In addition to telephony, modern mobile phones also support a wide variety of
other services such as text messaging, MMS, email, Internet access, short-range
wireless communications (infrared, Bluetooth), business applications, gaming, and
photography. Mobile phones that offer these and more general computing
capabilities are referred to as smartphones.
The first hand-held cell phone was demonstrated by John F. Mitchell and Martin
Cooper of Motorola in 1973, using a handset weighing around 4.4 pounds (2 kg). In
1983, the DynaTAC 8000x was the first to be commercially available. From 1983 to
2014, worldwide mobile phone subscriptions grew from zero to over 7 billion,
penetrating 100% of the global population and reaching the bottom of the
economic pyramid. In 2014, the top cell phone manufacturers were Samsung,
Nokia, Apple, and LG.