The Muscular System
P3, P4, M2, D1
Learning Objective for the assignment
To gain knowledge and understanding of
the structure and function of the
muscular system
What is included:
• The three different types of muscle.
• Location and function of the major muscles.
• Different types of contraction.
• Antagonistic pairs.
This will be evidenced by:
Designing a second poster that identifies the major muscles in the
body and labelling a diagram of the major muscles in the body.
On the poster produce information boxes which describe the
different types of muscle and muscle movements. P3+P4
Complete chart 2 where you are required to give examples of
three different types of muscular contraction in three different
sporting activities. You can use other examples, but you must
clear this with your tutor first.
M2
Produce your own chart which analyses the musculoskeletal
actions occurring at four synovial joints during four different types
of physical activity.
D1
Types of muscle:
• There are three different types of
muscle and you should be able to
classify them as:
• Voluntary
• Involuntary
• Cardiac
Involuntary Muscles
Description of involuntary muscles
Muscles that work without you thinking about it.
Examples of involuntary muscles
Diaphragm when breathing, inner walls of stomach
during digestion.
Cardiac Muscle
Description of cardiac muscle
Muscles that form the walls of the heart.
Examples of cardiac muscle
The heart
Voluntary Muscles
Description of voluntary muscles
Muscles that work when we want them to.
E.G When you decide to run, jump or throw
Examples of voluntary muscles
Biceps, triceps, abdominals, quadriceps etc, etc
For the assignment you should be
able to:
Describe the functions of and locate the:
Triceps
Trapezius
Biceps
Deltoids
Gluteus Maximus
Gastrocnemius
Erector Spinae
Hamstrings
Pectorals
Obliques
Quadriceps
Abdominals
Location of voluntary muscles
Deltoid
Trapezius
Triceps
Pectorals
Gleutus
Maximus
Biceps
Abdominals
Hamstring
Quadriceps
Gastrocnemius
Obliques
Location of voluntary muscles
Trapezius
Deltoid
Pectorals
Bicep
Abdominals
Quadriceps
Gastrocnemius
Functions of the voluntary
muscles
Deltoid
FUNCTION
Abduct, flex and
extend the shoulder,
raising the arms
forward, backward
and sideways.
Functions of the voluntary
muscles
Trapezius
FUNCTION
Lifts and abducts
the shoulder blades,
holding and rotating
the shoulders.
Functions of the voluntary
muscles
Pectorals
FUNCTION
Adducts and
rotates the
arm inwards.
Functions of the voluntary
muscles
Bicep
FUNCTION
To flex the arm at
the elbow
Functions of the voluntary
muscles
Tricep
FUNCTION
To extend the arm
at the elbow
Functions of the voluntary
muscles
Abdominals
FUNCTION
To flex the
spine/trunk so that
you can bend
forwards
Functions of the voluntary
muscles
Obliques
FUNCTION
To help keep the
core stable and to
help tip and rotate
it.
Functions of the voluntary
muscles
FUNCTION
To extend the leg
at the knee
Quadriceps
Functions of the voluntary
muscles
FUNCTION
To flex the leg at
the knee
Hamstring
Functions of the voluntary
muscles
FUNCTION
Extends the ankle
joint, allows you to
stand on tip toes
Gastrocnemius
Functions of the voluntary
muscles
FUNCTION
To extend the spine
Erector Spinae
Functions of the voluntary
muscles
FUNCTION
To extend your leg
back at the hip
Gluteus
Maximus
Antagonistic Pairs
Explain the functioning of
antagonistic pairs of muscles
by illustrating it through:
• The biceps and triceps in
the flexion and extension
of the arm at the elbow.
• The hamstring and
quadriceps at the knee and
explain their importance
specifically to movement in
sporting actions.
Biceps and Triceps
Triceps
Function
To straighten
arm at the
elbow
Biceps
Function
To flex arm
at the elbow
Biceps and triceps
Triceps
Function
To straighten
arm at the
elbow
Biceps
Function
To flex arm
at the elbow
During extension of the
arm, the triceps
contract, therefore
becoming the prime
mover. The biceps
relax, therefore become
the antagonist.
During flexion of the
arm, the biceps
contract, therefore
becoming the prime
mover. The triceps
relax and become the
antagonist.
Triceps and Biceps
FLEXION
EXTENSION
PRIME MOVER
PRIME MOVER
CONTRACTS
CONTRACTS
BICEPS
TRICEPS
ANTAGONIST
ANTAGONIST
RELAXES
RELAXES
Quadriceps and Hamstrings
Function
To straighten
leg at the
knee
Quadriceps
Function
To flex leg
at the knee
Hamstrings
During extension of the
leg, the quadriceps
contract, therefore
becoming the prime
mover. The hamstrings
relax, therefore become
the antagonist.
During flexion of the
knee, the hamstrings
contract, therefore
becoming the prime
mover. The quadriceps
relax and become the
antagonist.
Quadriceps and Hamstrings
PRIME MOVER
CONTRACTS
PRIME MOVER
CONTRACTS
FLEXION
Hamstrings
Quadriceps
EXTENSION
ANTAGONIST
RELAXES
ANTAGONIST
RELAXES
Three Types of contraction
• Concentric
• Eccentric
• Isometric
Concentric Contraction
Eccentric Contraction
Eccentric Contraction
ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION-
• When the muscle contracts but
stays in a fixed position,
neither shortening or
lengthening.