Author(s)
Theory
1. Kathrin F. Stanger- Increasing
Hall, David W. Hall emphasis on
abstinence only
education is
positively
correlated with
higher teenage
pregnancy
rates.
Main Argument/ Key concepts/
assumptions
Hypothesis
Method
Results
Abstinence only Abstinence only
programs are programs are
ineffective in
ineffective in
preventing
preventing the
unintended
unintended
teenage
pregnancies of
pregnancy.
adolescents.
Therefore,
comprehensive
sex education is
needed in an
effort to reduce
teenage
pregnancy and
other health
consequences
related to risky
sexual behaviors.
Reports on
Based on 
abstinence
the
education were analysis
acquired from taken from
the Education 48 states,
Commission of it was
the States.
found that
After the
the level of
analysis of the abstinence
Editorial
education
Projects in
was firmly 
Education
correlated
Research
with
Center, ordinal teenage
values were
pregnancy
assigned to the and teen
four categorical birth rates,
levels of
thereby
abstinence
indicating
education to
that
assess the
abstinence
emphasis
education
placed on
did not
abstinence by cause
each level. Data abstinence
for teen
among
pregnancy,
teenagers
in the U.S.
abortion and
birth data were
also used to
determine the
correlation
between
pregnancy and
birth rates with
that of
abstinence
Major point to
make in my
discussion
(evaluation +
connection)
Extending
Medicaid
eligibility for
family
planning can
help reduce
the incidence
of unintended
teenage
pregnancy
Consideration
should be
made to
include
confounding
factors like
that of
socioeconomi
c status,
educational
attainment,
and ethnicity
education.
Analysis of four
possible
confounding
factors was also
done to
determine the
role these
factors played
in the teenage
pregnancy
rates.
2.
Lisa Lieberman,
Haiyan Su
Abstinence
education
curriculum has
an impact on
abstinence
attitudes,
intentions, and
behaviors.
The sex
By implementing
education
the CTB program
curriculum of improvement to
Choosing the existing school
Best (CTB)'s efforts can be
program is an made.
effective
Additionally,
approach
sexual risk taking
toward
behaviors can be
maintenance of reduced.
abstinence or a
return to sexual
inactivity as it is
inclusive of
accurate
medical
information
emphasizing
abstinence,
disease, and
emotional
consequences
of sexual
intercourse.
Study
participants
included 1,143
ninth graders in
two Georgia
school districts
randomly
assigned to six
high schools.
Four schools
comprised the
intervention
group and two
were used for
the control
group. The
control schools
included 1,000
ninth graders
who received
their regular
textbooksbased health
lectures
whereas the
2,000 ninth
graders in the
intervention
schools
received eight
Results of 
the study
found
strong
short-term
interventio
n effects
on pro
abstinence
attitudes, 
beliefs and
commitme
nt to
abstinence
in both the
total and
virgin
student
bodies.
Data from
the study
indicated
however
that virgins
in the CTB
group were
more likely
to delay
sex than
virgins in
Adolescent
participation
in school
based sex
education is
largely
dependent
on parent
compliance
Baseline
commitment
to abstinence
is an
important
factor to
consider
when
evaluating
results of the
effectiveness
of a sex
education
program
sessions of the
CTB program
during health
class.
the control
group.
Future
studies will
require
repetition
and
increased
complexity
to
determine
the long
term
impact of
this
particular
abstinence
program.
References
Lieberman, L., & Haiyan, S. (2012). Impact of the choosing the best program in communities
committed to abstinence education. SAGE open, doi: 10.1177/2158244012442938
Stanger-Hall, K., & Hall, D. (2011). Abstinence-only education and teen pregnancy rates: Why we
need comprehensive sex education in the u.s.PLOS one, 6(10), Retrieved from
http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0024658&repres
entation=PDF