• B: Pre-test
• D: Vocabulary and “ Reteach ” or “ Review ” earth ’ s layers
• A: Exit Slip

1. convectiontransfer of heat by movement of a fluid
2. convection currentsmovement within hot fluids, when the heat source is on the bottom, such as in a boiling pot of soup on the stove. Convection currents happen because the hotter material is less dense and rises; when it reaches the surface, it cools and becomes less dense, so it sinks. This rising and sinking creates a circular motion within the fluid.
3. convergent plate boundarieswhere two tectonic plates move toward each other
4. divergent plate boundarieswhere two tectonic plates move away from each other
5. transform plate boundarywhere two tectonic plates slip past each other, moving in opposite directions
6. seafloor spreadingthe process by which new oceanic crust forms when magma rises up and solidifies at the mid-ocean ridges. The newer crust pushes the older crust out to each side, which is why the age of the sea floor increases with distance away from the mid-ocean ridges.

7. subductionthe process by which one tectonic plate sinks below another, returning to the mantle, where the rock is re-melted. Subduction takes place at convergent plate boundaries. Oceanic crust, which is denser, will always subduct under the less dense continental crust.
8. tectonic plateslarge pieces of the lithosphere that slowly move on top of the asthenosphere. There are seven primary plates and many smaller ones. The seven primary plates are the African Plate, Antarctic Plate, Eurasian Plate, Indo-
Australian Plate, North American Plate, Pacific Plate, and South American
Plate.
9. tectonic plate boundarya place where two tectonic plates meet
10. mid-ocean ridgea system of connected underwater mountain ranges that run throughout the world's oceans. There is a rift valley in the center of the midocean ridge, where magma rises up from the mantle, and pushes out to either side, producing seafloor spreading .

Geologistsare scientists who study the forces that make and shape planet Earth. They have used evidence from rock samples and evidence from seismic waves to learn about Earth ’s interior.
Geology - is the study of planet Earth.

Constructive forces shape the surface by building up mountains.
Destructive forces are those that slowly wear away mountains and, eventually, every other feature on the surface.

Three main layers make up
Earth ’s interior: the crust, the mantle, and the core.
Each layer has its own conditions and materials.
The crust is a layer of solid rock that includes both dry land and the ocean floor.

Earth ’s mantle is made up of rock that is very hot, but solid. The mantle is divided into layers based on the physical characteristics of those layers.

The core is made mostly of the metals iron and nickel. It consists of two parts –a liquid outer core and a solid inner core.

1) What are the four layers of the Earth?
2) The Earth ’ s crust is very ______?
3) The mantle is the largest layer of the
Earth? True or False
4) Is the Outer Core a liquid or a solid?

• Topic: What happens at plate boundaries?
(Divide, collide, and slide)
• Before: Teacher/student demonstration
(divide, collide, slide)
• During: Notes/PowerPoint
• After: Rate your understanding 1-5.

The lithosphere is broken into separate sections called plates.
The theory of plate tectonics explains the formation, movement, and subduction of
Earth ’s plates
.

There are three types of heat transfer: radiation, conduction, and convection.
Heat transfer – the movement of energy from a warmer object to a cooler object
Conduction – heat transfer by direct contact of particles of matter
Radiation – the transfer of energy through empty space

Heating and cooling of the fluid, changes in the fluid ’s density, and the force of gravity combine to set convection currents in motion.
Convection
– heat transfer by the movement of a heated fluid
Convection currents – the flow that transfers heat within a fluid

Heat from the core and the mantle causes convection currents in the mantle. This is how the heat is transferred, and how the earth ’s plates are able to move.

At the locations where two tectonic plates interact, a boundary between these plates exist. There are three types of boundaries that geologist observe. (Draw these pictures into your notes)

There are three kinds of plate boundaries:
1.
divergent boundaries – when the plates divide/ seperate and create a rift
2.
convergent boundaries – two plates collide
3.
transform boundaries – when two plates slide past each other
A different type of plate movement occurs along each type of boundary.

1.
What does a geologist study?
2.
How do constructive and destructive forces differ?
3.
What are plates, and how do they move?
4.
What is heat transfer? What are the 3 ways in which heat transfers?
5.
What are plate boundaries ? What are the 3 types that geologists observe? Briefly describe each type.

• 1. They study Earth.
• 2. Constructive forces build and destructive forces destroy.
• 3.The pieces of the Earth that move by transform, convergent, or divergent movements.
• 4. Heat transfer is the movement of heat . Heat is transferred by radiation, convection,and conduction.
• 5. A plate boundary is the parameter of the plate.
• Geologist observe the movement of the plates through transform, convergent, and divergent movements.

• Link to INTERACTIVE: Plates and
Boundaries
• http://www.learner.org/interactives/dynamic earth/plate.html

• Before: AMSTI Lesson 6
• During: AMSTI Lesson 6
• After: AMSTI lesson 6

• Topic: How the PLATES move
• B: Milky Way activity
• D: Latitude/longitude plate activity
• A: Exit slip
• **Lesson attached to email