INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY
• I. What is Chemistry
• II. The Scientific Method
• III. Vocabulary Related to Research and
the Scientific Method
I. What is Chemistry
• A. Definition – chemistry is the study of
the composition, structure and properties
of matter and the changes it under goes
Composition
Structure
H20
Properties:
Chemical – splits into
hydrogen and oxygen
when subjected to
electric current
Physical – liquid at room
temperature, boils at
100 ̊C
2H2O  2H2 + O2
Changes it undergoes:
• B. Matter – has mass and takes up space
1. mass – measures amount of matter
2. volume – measures the amount of
space occupied by matter
I.
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Chemistry
B. Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up
space
All matter is composed of chemicals
Characteristics:
1. Mass vs. weight
• Mass is amount of matter
• Weight is the force of gravity on an
object
2. Inertia – resistance to change in motion
3. Energy – ability to do work (potential
I. What is Chemistry
• C. What are the branches of Chemistry
1. Organic – study of compounds containing
carbon
2. Inorganic – study of compounds that do
not contain carbon
I.
Chemistry
C. Branches
Organic Chemistry
•
Study of carbon containing compounds
derived from living things (oil, gas,
fossils)
I.
Chemistry
C. Branches
Inorganic Chemistry
•
Study of inorganic compounds (rocks,
minerals, fertilizers)
I. What is Chemistry
3. Physical – study of changes in and
behavior of matter and the
accompanying energy changes
4. Analytical – study of the composition of
matter
5. Biochemistry – chemistry of organisms
(their composition and processes)
I.
Chemistry
C. Branches
Biochemistry
• Chemistry of living things
I.
Chemistry
C. Branches
Physical Chemistry
•
Reaction mechanisms, energy
exchanges
– energy efficiency of household
refrigerators and freezers
– measurement and modeling of "onroad" vehicle emissions
– flow and solidification
of metals during casting
I.
Chemistry
C. Branches
Analytical Chemistry
• Measures the chemical composition
of natural and artificial materials
• Areas of medicine, environment,
industry, food
I.
Chemistry
B. Matter
– Law of Conservation of Matter
– Law of Conservation of Energy
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View video simply science –conservation
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Work in packet- branches of chemistry
II. The Scientific Method
• A. Identify the problem make
observation(question)
• B. Make a hypothesis based upon
observations relating to the problem
• C. Experiment to test the hypothesis
• D. Collect and analyze the data/results
• E. Make a conclusion based on the
results of the experiment
III. Vocabulary Related to
Research and the Scientific Method
• A. Observations and Inference
1. Qualitative observation – based on the
five senses
2. Quantitative observations – based on
measurement
3. Inference – to derive a conclusion from
facts or premises (an interpretation of
observations)
III. Vocabulary Related to
Research and the Scientific Method
• B. Intensive and Extensive Properties
1. Intensive – properties that do not depend
upon the amount of matter
a. density, melting point, boiling point
2. Extensive – properties that do depend
upon the amount of matter
a. length, mass, volume
III. Vocabulary Related to
Research and the Scientific Method
•
C.Dependent and Independent Variables
1. Dependent variable – value changes in
response to the independent variable
2. Independent variable – the variable
manipulated by the person doing the
experiment
III. Vocabulary Related to
Research and the Scientific Method
• D. Theories and Laws
1. Theory – explanation supported by many
experiments but may be subject to
change as a result of further research
2. Law – explanation that has no
exceptions and is not subject to change
III. Vocabulary Related to
Research and the Scientific Method
• E. Applied and Pure Research (Science)
1. Applied – solves a specific problem
2. Pure – gain knowledge for the sake of
knowledge
* Technology – practical use of information
resulting from pure and applied research
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Observation
Hypothesis
Experiment
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Control and
experimental group
Collect data (qualitative
and quantitative)
Analysis
Conclusion
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Theory
Law