CAPITAL LETTERS
PROPER NOUNS
SYNONYMS
GRAMMAR
TERM 2
IRREGULAR
PLURALS
APOSTROPHES
Synonyms
Synonyms are words with the same or similar meaning. For example, joyful, elated, glad.
1.
View the PowerPoint
called Synonym-ppt
listed on the page
with the following link.
http://languagearts.pppst
.com/synonyms.html
Complete the activities on
the PowerPoint.
Copy the sentences below into your Literacy books. Use a thesaurus (and your
own knowledge!) to find three alternative words (synonyms) for the
underlined word/s in each sentence. N.B. There may be more than one
underlined word in a sentence. Set it out like this:
The forest was scary.
In your books write: The forest was frightening/terrifying/petrifying.
1.) The girl cried loudly.
2.) She was worried that she would not be invited to the party.
3.) Fiona walked to the park to meet her friends.
4.) Peter said, “No! I hate Brussels sprouts! I am not going to eat them!”
5.) Kim thought how nice her birthday cake was as she ate it with her family.
6.) Jessica told her friends how good the Black Hole at Alton Towers was.
7.) I was surprised when I won first prize at the raffle.
8.) Toby’s Grandma was very pleased with her birthday present.
9.) The large bulldozer held up all the traffic.
10.) The school trip promised to be an exciting one.
Use http://thesaurus.com/ to complete the table of SYNONYMS
beautiful
inform
brave
predicament
interesting
marvelous
mischievous
dangerous
CAPITAL LETTERS – PROPER NOUNS
Capital Letters
When do you use a capital letter?
1. A sentence always begins with a capital
letter.
2. A proper noun, like a person’s name,
begins with a capital letter.
3. A proper noun, like a place, begins with a
capital letter.
4. Proper nouns, which are SPECIAL
names, begin with a capital letter.
(Christmas, Easter, June, Monday etc.)
http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/baske
tball/index.html
Complete the following table. In each box, give an example of a proper nouns for each
category. (Don’t forget to use a capital letter)
A city
A movie star
A shopping centre
A day
A river
A month
A special holiday
A country
A state of Australia
A book title
A family member
A mountain
A desert
A newspaper
A magazine
A nationality
A brand of chocolate
A bridge
A song
A make of car
ADJECTIVES
Adjectives are words that describe nouns
or pronouns. They help make writing
more interesting and clearer.
Adjectives often compare the qualities of
things. These are adjectives of degree.
There are three adjectives of degree.
•Positive – describes a quality of a person
or thing.
Will is a tall boy.
•Comparative – makes a comparison
between the qualities of two people or
things.
Jack is taller than Will.
Superlative – shows the highest degree
of difference compared to all others.
Hamish is the tallest boy in our class.
Where's The Adjective?
An adjective is a word which modifies a noun. It describes the noun, or
names one of the characteristics of a noun.
For example, the following adjectives are underlined:
red car, sweet apple, dirty water
Circle the adjectives that describe the underlined noun or nouns in each
sentence. (Words that you should circle are in italics.)
Example: The small red shiny beetle scampered down the green leaf.
1. Ten puppies are playing in the tall, green grass.
2. Where is the small frying pan?
3. Sam has a blue racing bicycle.
4. The black kitten was playing with a small red ball.
5. Do you know the man in the black leather jacket?
6. I have seven coloured marking pens for school.
7. The city is big, dirty, and noisy.
8. Three beautiful birds searching for worms.
9. That is the biggest stuffed toy in the shop.
10. He ran through the wet muddy field.
11. Hand me the yellow plastic bowl.
12. The blue vase was broken by the naughty boy.
13. The black and white cat climbed the fence.
14. David has a red apple, but Sam has a green one.
15. Sam’s apple is sour.
http://www.ngflcymru.org.uk/vtc/ngfl/english/monmouthshire/choose_
adj_monmouthshire.html
IRREGULAR PLURALS
Write the plural in the column below
foot
tooth
ox
louse
goose
deer
fish
octopus
child
man
person
leaf
life
wolf
cactus
Commas
We use commas in two main
ways
Commas separate the items in a list.
Sometimes these items are real things.
E.g. I need some pens, pencils, paper and a calculator before I start my
class.
I must buy some eggs, milk, sugar and tea.
Click on the links and
complete the following
worksheets.
Sometimes these items are things you do, or places you go.
E.g. Yesterday I went to work, played badminton, went to the pub and
then went to bed.
I'm going to spend my holiday walking on the beach, sleeping in the sun
and reading my book.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/
skillswise/words/gram
mar/punctuation/com
mas/worksheet.shtml
Commas mark out the less important part of a sentence.
This is a useful way to make your sentences more interesting by adding extra information.
E.g. The car, which was parked by the light, had a dog in the back seat.
This sentence is about the car and the dog, it's not about where the car was parked.
Copy into your
workbook.
Tony, his mum's favourite, was given chocolate cake for tea.
This sentence is about Tony eating chocolate cake. We don't need 'his mum's favourite' for the
sentence to make sense, it's extra information.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/skillswis
e/words/grammar/punctuatio
n/apostrophes/game.shtml
Put in the appropriate apostrophes.
1. I cant go with you to Colins house.
2. Lets go to the Bears game on the
weekend.
3. I dont think my dads hat will fit me.
4. The girls bathing suits need to be
put in the dryer.
(several girls)
5. Im going to head down to Clarks
department store later.
6. Wheres the book I was reading, Im
really enjoying it?
7. I put the dogs bones in the lower
cupboard.
(2 dogs)
8. I put the dogs bones in the lower
cupboard.
(1 dog)
9. Im going to my friends house to
work on homework.
10. Jans clothes are always in style.
11. Buy your notebooks here and
youll save money.
12. The cats whiskers are covered in
milk.
APOSTROPHES
Rules for Using The Apostrophe
The apostrophe has 2 functions:
One is to show possession/ownership and the other is to
show omission of letters or words.
•1. An apostrophe shows ownership:
John’s new shoes are red.
•1a. These are the student’s books.
Several books belonging to 1 student.
•1b. These are the students’ books.
Books belonging to a group of students.
My 3 friends’ shirts are blue.
More than 1 friend.
The lions’ Den
(More than 1 lion)
Amos’ books (instead of Amos’s books)
Sometimes a name ending on an s is given an apostrophe
instead of an
additional s and apostrophe as seen in the name Amos,
typically both are correct.
•1c. Add an apostrophe to the end of plural nouns that end
in s:
Boys’ hats.
Players’ uniforms
2. An apostrophe is used in contractions when a word or
letter(s) is
missing:
2a. Don’t go outside. (Do not)
I’ll finish my homework later. (I will – I’ll)
COMPOUND WORDS
A word formed when
two or more words are
joined. Each of the
words must be a word
that can stand alone.
For example;
sea + shore=seashore,
rain + coat=raincoat,
son-in-law
HYPHENS
Ambiguity – when the meaning
of a sentence is not clear – is
often caused by incorrect
punctuation. Explain why each
sentence is ambiguous, then
punctuate the sentences so that
the meaning becomes clear.
1. Man eating tiger destroyed.
2. For sale: a little used boat.
3. Two week holidays to be won!
4. Mountain holiday prices at
rock bottom.
5. Beware of car chasing dog on
M25.
A hyphen is used to
form new words
beginning with the
prefixes self, ex,
great, all, and half.
A hyphen is also
used with suffixes
such as free and
elect.
Examples:
great-grandfather,
half-baked,
all-purpose,
self-esteem,
sugar-free
A hyphen is used to
make some compound
words.
Example: Matt was not
well-known, even
though he climbed Mt.
Everest.
Define each of the
following so that their
meaning is explicit.
1. yellow-bellied
2. even-tempered
3. tight-lipped
4. baby-faced
5. wide-eyed
6. light-footed
7. pig-headed
8. heavy-handed
9. hard-hearted
10. long-winded
HOMOPHONES
Homophones are words that sound the same but are spelt differently and
have different meanings.
Choose the correct homophone to complete this sentence.
(a) The boy put shampoo on his (hare/hair).
(b) Mum put some (flower/flour) in the cake mix.
(c) James didn't have a very good (nights/knights) sleep.
(d) A rabbit is a bit like a (hare/hair).
(e) Tony got chased by a large (bare/bear).
Choose the correct homophone to complete the
sentences.
(a) Lucy couldn't wait to (meet/meat) her friend.
(b) Andrew (missed/mist) the bus.
(c) The mouse got his (tale/tail) caught.
(d) Glen has a long (wait/weight) for the bus.
(e) The cat hurt its (pour/poor/paw).
(f) The old man had no money, he was
(pour/poor/paw).
(g) "Could you (pour/poor/paw) the orange juice,
please?"
(h) Mark got a letter in the (mail/male).
http://www.bbc.co.uk/skillswise/w
ords/spelling/recognising/homoph
ones/game.shtml
Write the homophones for
the following words;
plane, right, see, there,
which, where, be, for,
here, knew, no, so,
Explain the differences between these
words.
or / oar sail / sale saw / sore
maid / made main / mane
VERB TENSES
To form the past tense of most verbs,
add -ed.
example: jump - jumped
To form the present tense of most verbs,
add -s or -es.
examples: speak - speaks
To form the future tense of most verbs,
add the helping verb will before the
main verb.
example: fix - will fix
http://www.bbc.co.uk/s
killswise/words/gramma
r/tenses/getting_the_rig
ht_tense/game.shtml
http://ww
w.arcademi
cskillbuilde
rs.com/ga
mes/viper/
viper.html
Examples and rules for
irregular verbs
http://chompchomp.com/han
douts/irregularrules01.pdf
Underline the error and rewrite the sentences
in perfect tense. Use your workbook.