MAPS GONE WILD!!
Created by Katherine Cantu
Cypress Springs High School
What’s wrong with these
maps????
Not your mother’s
maps...
Cheesy Map of Canada
Maps displaying crucial
information
Linguistic Map:
Papua New Guinea
has 823 languages!
What if...
Illustrated Maps
Perceptual Maps
Unusual Maps
Finally, directions from
Google
Terms you should know…
 Toponym
 Site
 Situation
 Time
Zone
 TODALS
Characteristics of Place
Place
 Place
is the description of what and how
we see and experience a certain aspect of
the Earth’s surface
 Place describes what a location is like


Physical characteristics include climate,
landforms, and vegetation
Human characteristics include culture, cities,
and other changes to the environment
Toponym
 Place


names on maps
Quebec uses religious toponyms
Sometimes the color or the size of the writing
indicates importance of the place
Site and Situation
Site
 Site
refers to the internal, physical
characteristics of a place that are unlikely
to change
Situation
 Situation
is defined as the location of a
place relative to its surroundings and other
places

Factors included in an area's situation include
the accessibility of the location, the extent of a
place's connections with another, and how
close an area may be to raw materials if they
are not located specifically on the site
Latitude and Longitude

Latitude lines are parallel lines that run eastwest on the surface of the Earth



They are measured in degrees North or South of the
Equator
When giving coordinates, latitude is used first
Longitude lines are parallel lines that run northsouth on the surface of the Earth


They are measured in degrees East or West of the
Prime Meridian
The Prime Meridian runs through Greenwich, England
What is a time zone?
 A time
zone is a region of the Earth that
has adopted the same standard time,
usually referred to as the local time.
 Most time zones are one hour apart, and
follow the UTC (Coordinated Universal
Time)
 Standard
time zones can be defined by
geometrically subdividing the Earth's 24
meridians, each 15° of longitude apart.
 The
local time in neighboring zones would
differ by one hour.
 However, due to geographical and political
reasons, not all countries practice this.
 Daylight savings is also a factor.
 Before
time zones, people used solar time
to keep time.
 This became a problem for trains and
other mass-transit devices.
 How could they let customers in other
areas know what time to be at the train
station?
 One
solution was to have a common
“railway” time, but it was a problem for the
locals.
 Time zones are thus a compromise,
relaxing the complex geographic
dependence while still allowing local time
to approximate the mean solar time.
 The
increase in worldwide communication
has further increased the need for people
to have an understanding of time zones.
 Why
would a Houstonian not schedule a
telephone conference with Japan at 2:00
pm, Houston time?
Time Zone Anomalies
 France
previously used GMT, but was
switched to CET (Central European Time)
during the German occupation of the
country during World War II and did not
switch back after the war.
 China has only one time zone.
 There are 40 time zones instead of 24.
More Anomalies

One of the most unusual time zones is the
Australian Central Western Time zone (CWST),
which is a small strip of Western Australia from
the border of South Australia west to E125.5°,
just before Caiguna. It is 8¾ hours ahead of
UTC (UTC+8:45) and covers an area of about
35,000 km², larger than Belgium, but has a
population of about 200. Although unofficial, it is
universally respected in the area--as without it,
the time gap in standard time at E129° (the
WA/SA border) would be 1.5 hours.
TODALS
PARTS OF A MAP
 T:
Title
 O: Orientation
 D: Date
 A: Author
 L: Legend
 S: Scale
Title
Orientation
N
Author
Scale
Date
Legend
Now, it is your turn
 Create
a map and put TODALS on it.
 It can be of anything
 I will come around and check it, and then
give you a super stamp!
Diffusion
Diffusion
 Diffusion
is the movement of any
characteristic

Diffusion relates to the movement theme of
Geography
 A hearth
is where the characteristic began
Relocation Diffusion
 Relocation
Diffusion is the physical spread
of cultures, ideas, and diseases through
people
 Usually occurs with migration

Examples: Bubonic Plague, colonization of
North America, religion and language in South
America
Migration Diffusion
 Migration
diffusion: a particular type of
relocation diffusion associated with the
movement of people
Expansion Diffusion
 Expansion
Diffusion is the spread of a
characteristic from a central node or
hearth through various means
Hierarchial Diffusion
 Hierarchical
Diffusion: the idea that a
phenomenon spreads by the social elite,
and then filters down through the masses

Example: Fashion, AIDS
Reverse Hierarchial Diffusion
 Reverse
Hierarchical Diffusion: when a
phenomenon spreads first through the
masses, and works up to the social elite

Example: Nascar, Walmart, Rap Music
Contagious Diffusion
 Contagious
Diffusion is a type of
expansion diffusion usually associated
with a disease
 The phenomenon spreads without regard
to race, social status, or family status


Examples: the plague, or the Internet
AIDS is not contagious diffusion
Stimulus Diffusion
 Stimulus
Diffusion is a type of expansion
diffusion where part of an idea spreads
and creates an innovative product

Example: technology, McDonald’s in India
Distribution
 Everything
on the Earth’s surface has a
physical location and is organized in space
 This is called distribution
 The three types of distribution are: density,
concentration, and pattern
Density
 Density
is how often an object occurs
within a given area or space
Population Density
 Population
Density: looks at how many
people occupy a given amount of space
Physiological Density
 Physiological
Density: refers to the
number of people divided by the arable
(farmable) land
Arithmetic Density
 Arithmetic
Density: calculates the density
using all land in a given area
Concentration
 Concentration
refers to the proximity of a
particular phenomenon over the area in
which it is spread
 To rank concentration, a person must
count the same number of objects in
different areas


Objects are considered clustered or
agglomerated if they are close together
Objects are considered dispersed or scattered
if they are spread out
Pattern
 Pattern
relates to how objects are
organized in their space
 Patterns are described using geometric
shapes

Hexagon is the best shape
Linear Pattern
 Linear
pattern: the objects are along a
single line

Example: gas stations along a highway
Centralized
 Centralized:
the objects are clustered
together

Example: Ethnic neighborhoods, flower
district
Random Distribution
 Random
Distribution: lack of pattern on the
landscape