Review
• U.S. foreign policy that it would send troops into
Latin American countries in order to preserve
order and maintain stability within the Western
Hemisphere?
• A = Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.
• Name applied to Roosevelt’s foreign policy
(derived from an African proverb)?
• A = “Big Stick” Diplomacy
More Review
• Name given to Taft’s foreign policy that
stressed U.S. investment into countries in
the Western Hemisphere so as to promote
financial and social stability?
• A = Dolla Diplomacy
• Place where the U.S. supported a
revolution so as to acquire a cheap canal?
• A = Panama
Warm Up
• Who ran in the election of 1912, who won,
and why?
• What were some reasons that TR came
back to run against Taft?
• How did Wilson and TR differ in their
views on the trusts?
African Americans During the
Progressive Era
At the start of the 20th Century, Most African
Americans lived in poverty and faced
widespread discrimination.
2/3 of African Americans lived in the South.
a. Most were sharecroppers.
b. Jim Crow Laws —Legalized Segregation.
c. Plessy v. Ferguson = Supreme Court
Case. “Separate but equal” Segregation OK
so long as facilities and conditions are equal.
d. Most blacks could not vote
Progressive Presidents and African
Americans
• TR did little for African Americans but he
did have Black leader Booker T.
Washington to the White House.
Wilson and African Americans
• Under Wilson, government offices and
facilities became segregated.
• In answering critics, Wilson claimed
segregation was, “in the interest of the
Negro.”
Booker T. Washington
• Son of a slave.
• Started Tuskegee
Institute—a vocational
school for blacks in
Alabama.
• Wrote an influential
book entitled, Up
From Slavery.
Washington’s Policies
• Called for the policy of accommodation in dealing with
the racism, segregation and poverty that faced the black
community.
• Accommodation = that blacks should first concentrate on
learning skills and working hard (“prove themselves”)
and then whites would start to respect blacks.
• Felt that blacks should worry about discrimination and
segregation later.
• Called for Self-Help and vocational training.
• Was the most powerful black political figure of his time
and his views sat well with many whites.
Washington’s Philosophy
• Accept not having political rights and
segregation.
• Focus on economic improvement—
learning a skill and working hard.
• Eventually, blacks would earn white
respect and treat them better and give
them political rights.
More Washington
• Views were outlined in his most famous
speech: “The Atlanta Compromise.” (1895)
• “In all things that are purely social we can
be as separate as the fingers,” he said,
“Yet one as the hand in all things that are
essential to mutual progress.”
Tuskeegee Institute
• What are the advantages to Washington’s
approach?
• Why might some African Americans object
to it?
W.E.B. Du Bois
• Born free in Mass.
• First black to earn a PhD
from Harvard.
• Wrote many books
including, The Souls of
Black Folks.
• Helped to found the
NAACP in 1909.
• Called for immediate social and political equality
for blacks.
• Said that segregation deprived blacks of their
dignity.
• Said that blacks should celebrate their
uniqueness and not try to totally imitate white
culture.
• Advocated traditional college education for
talented blacks so that they could serve as
teachers and leaders in the black community.
• Du Bois’s term for these future leaders was “the
talented 10th.”
More DuBois
• Helped to launch the Niagara
Movement (1905) that led to the
NAACP in 1909.
• NAACP = National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People.
• Became more radical as he got older
& by the 1930s he was frustrated with
the NAACP’s legalistic approach to
obtaining Civil Rights.
• In 1961 he moved to Africa and
denounced his American citizenship.
• What are the advantages and
disadvantages to DuBois approach?
• If you were an African American living
during the Progressive Era, would you
support Washington or DuBois? Explain
your answer.
Review
• What was the term used for the laws that
segregated the races in the South?
• A = Jim Crow Laws
• What Supreme Court case said
segregation was OK so long as facilities
were equal for both races?
• A = Plessey v. Ferguson
More!!!
• Which President received much flack for
inviting Booker T. Washington to the White
House?
• A = TR
• What is the longest lasting civil rights
organization in the U.S. (it was founded by
DuBois in 1909)?
• A = NAACP
DuBois or Washington
• Wanted immediate civil rights for blacks.
• A = DuBois
• Favored vocational training and thought
African Americans should focus on
economic advancement and “proving”
themselves to whites and that they should
not press too hard for civil rights?
• A = Washington
DuBois or Washington
• Talented 10th
• A = DuBois
• Tuskegee Institute
• A = Washington
• Harvard?
• A = DuBois