17th Amendment
Booker T. Washington
Clayton Anti-Trust Act
De facto segregation
Grandfather clause
Passed in 1913, this amendment to the Constitution calls for the direct election of senators by the voters instead of their election by state legislatures.
Eliminated much corruption.
A former slave, he suggested that African Americans accept segregation-for now, instead focus on vocational education and farming skills to help improve their situation.
New antitrust legislation constructed to fix the problems of the Sherman Antitrust
Act
Racial segregation that occurs in schools, not as a result of the law, but as a result of patterns of residential settlement
Stated that in order to be eligible to vote, your grandfather had to be eligible to vote before the Civil
War. This kept African Americans from voting.
Great Migration
Ida B. Wells
Initiative
Movement of over 300,000 African
American from the rural south into
Northern cities between 1914 and 1920
African American journalist. Published statistics about lynching, urged African Americans to protest by refusing to ride street cars or shop in white owned stores
A procedure by which voters can propose a law or a constitutional amendment.
Jim Crow
Laissez-Faire
State laws in the South that legalized segregation.
Hands off. No government intervention in business.

Literacy Tests
Lynching
Muckrakers
NAACP
Niagara movement
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Poll Tax
Primary Elections
Recall
Referendum
Method used to deny African-Americans the vote in the South that tested a person's ability to read and write
Between 1890 and 1910 there was a dramatic increase in __________ blacks. This means putting a person to death by mob action without due process of law
Journalists who attempted to find corruption or wrongdoing in industries and expose it to the public
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination
A group of black and white reformers, including W. E. B. DuBois. They organized the NAACP in 1909.
Supreme court case that ruled that separate-butequal facilities for blacks and whites did not violate the constitution. "Separate but equal"
A requirement that citizens pay a tax in order to register to vote (was used to keep
African Americans from voting)
Election in which voters choose the candidates from each party who will run in the general election
Voting to remove someone from office when they are not doing their job correctly.
When people vote directly on a bill to become a law (voting for a law instead of a person)

Secret Ballot Anonymous voting method that helps to make elections fair and honest
Segregation Separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Square Deal
WEB DuBois
First federal action against monopolies, was extensively used by Theodore
Roosevelt for trust-busting.
President Theodore Roosevelt's plan for reform; all Americans are entitled to an equal opportinity to succeed
1st African American to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to demand immediate equality, helped create NAACP in 1910