Ribosome • Function(s) – Creates proteins for cell functions • Real-world comparison – Factories; Machine shops • Composition – Protein and RNA • Example of how it works together with another organelle 1. 2. Made by nucleolus in the nucleus Send proteins to Golgi apparatus to be modified • Found in plant cells, animal cells, or both? – Both • Organelle picture Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) • Function(s) – Makes phospholipids and other lipids • Real-world comparison – Highway/roads; Assembly line • Composition – Phospholipids • Example of how it works together with another organelle 1. Sends lipids to be modified by the Golgi apparatus • Found in plant cells, animal cells, or both? – Both • Organelle picture Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) • Function(s) – Makes proteins (because it is covered in ribosomes) and lipids • Real-world comparison • Example of how it works together with another organelle 1. – Assembly line; Highway/roads • Composition – Phospholipids and proteins 2. Creates proteins due to ribosomes on it Sends proteins and lipids to be modified by Golgi apparatus • Found in plant cells, animal cells, or both? – Both • Organelle picture Golgi Apparatus • Function(s) – Modifies materials send from ER – Sends them off to a final location (“address labels”) • Example of how it works together with another organelle 1. • Real-world comparison – Mailmen; Post office • Composition – Phospholipids 2. Receives vesicles from the ER to modify contents Vesicles deliver contents • Found in plant cells, animal cells, or both? – Both • Organelle picture Lysosome • Function(s) • Example of how it works together with another – Breaks down/eats/recycles materials (Ex: macromolecules, old organelle organelles, pathogens - contains digestive enzymes) – Removes waste – Reuses old materials • Real-world comparison – Garbage disposal; Recycling center; Garbage men • Composition – Phospholipids 1. 2. Carries waste to plasma membrane to be removed Digests old organelles • Found in plant cells, animal cells, or both? – Both (ALL animals; few plants) • Organelle picture Vesicle • Function(s) • Example of how it works together with another – Carries substances to and from cell membrane (transport and delivery) organelle • Real-world comparison 1. Carries materials to the plasma – Vehicles (cars, trucks, etc.) • Composition – Phospholipids 2. 3. membrane Buds off of SER or RER to go the Golgi apparatus Buds off of Golgi apparatus to go elsewhere • Found in plant cells, animal cells, or both? – Both • Organelle picture Nucleus • Function(s) – Controls the actions of the rest of the cell (directions from DNA) – Makes ribosomes (Nucleolus) – Allows ribosomes and RNA to go into cytoplasm (Nuclear pores + envelope) • Real-world comparison – Town/city hall; Principal; Brain • Composition – DNA, RNA, and proteins • Example of how it works together with another organelle 1. 2. Creates ribosomes and sends them into cytoplasm Tells ribosomes what proteins to make • Found in plant cells, animal cells, or both? – Both • Organelle picture Peroxisome • Function(s) – Breaks down H2O2 into water and oxygen – Breaks down fatty acids • Real-world comparison – Water treatment or Detoxifying plant • Composition – Phospholipids • Example of how it works together with another organelle 1. Brings materials out of the cell through the plasma membrane • Found in plant cells, animal cells, or both? – Both • Organelle picture Cell Wall • Function(s) – Strong and rigid support and protection for the cell – Keeps cell’s exact shape – Does not let much into/out of the cell • Real-world comparison – Brick wall; City wall • Composition – Cellulose (+ other carbs) • Example of how it works together with another organelle – Protects cell with the plasma membrane • Found in plant cells, animal cells, or both? – Plant cells • Organelle picture Plasma (Cell) Membrane • Function(s) • Example of how it works together with another – Provides shape and stability for the cell organelle – Protects the cell from damage – Allows some substances in and out of the cell • Real-world comparison – Door; window; City border • Composition – Phospholipids 1. Accepts and removes vesicles to let materials out of and into the cell • Found in plant cells, animal cells, or both? – Both • Organelle picture Cytoplasm • Function(s) – Keeps organelles in place – Keeps cell structures stable • Real-world comparison – Jell-O mold/fruitcake; Lawn • Composition – Water and cell nutrients (proteins, etc.) • Example of how it works together with another organelle – Works with cytoskeleton to keep cell shape and structure – Holds other organelles in place • Found in plant cells, animal cells, or both? – Both • Organelle picture Cytoskeleton • Function(s) – Keeps cell shape and internal structures in place – Base for cilia and flagella (microtubules) – Makes up centrioles for cell division (microtubules) • Real-world comparison – Building support beams • Composition – protein • Example of how it works together with another organelle 1. 2. Keeps organelles in place with cytoplasm Keeps cell shape with the cell membrane • Found in plant cells, animal cells, or both? – Both (general cytoskeleton) – Animal cells ONLY (centrioles) • Organelle picture Central Vacuole • Function(s) – Stores nutrients and water • Real-world comparison – Storage warehouse • Composition – Phospholipids • Example of how it works together with another organelle 1. 2. Stores materials brought by lysosomes and vesicles Allows vesicles to bud off to bring material elsewhere • Found in plant cells, animal cells, or both? – Plant cells • Organelle picture Mitochondria • Function(s) – Performs cellular respiration – Breaks down food into energy (ATP) • Example of how it works together with another organelle 1. • Real-world comparison – Farms; Power plant • Composition – Proteins, carbs, phospholipids 2. Creates energy used for other organelle functions Takes food made by chloroplasts to break down into energy • Found in plant cells, animal cells, or both? – Both • Organelle picture Chloroplasts • Function(s) – Performs photosynthesis – Makes food for the cell • Real-world comparison – Windmill; Solar panel • Composition – Proteins, carbs, phospholipids • Example of how it works together with another organelle 1. Creates food to be broken down by the mitochondria into energy • Found in plant cells, animal cells, or both? – Plant cells • Organelle picture Organelle Amounts • Stomach cells – More lysosomes • Sperm cells – More mitochondria • White blood cells – More lysosomes • Muscle cells – More mitochondria • Adipose (fat) cells – More vacuoles • Leaves – More chloroplasts • Pancreatic cells – More rough endoplasmic reticulum (for enzymes) – More Golgi apparatus (for enzymes) • Nerve cells – More mitochondria • Red blood cells – Lack a nucleus Cell organelle videos • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2JBLPPAXbGA (cell organelle wrap up rap) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cj8dDTHGJBY (Crash Course – Animal Cells) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9UvlqAVCoqY (Crash Course - Plant Cells) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Z9pqST72is (Bozeman Science) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hmwvj9X4GNY (Khan Academy) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zafJKbMPA8 (Cell parts rap) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rABKB5aS2Zg (Mr. W’s cell song) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KzMviiBoRtA (The Cell Song) Mahalodotcom organelle videos • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mtDm2OKIK1k (plasma membrane) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tdGjorwuEDw (mitochondria) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YPJ0ABNsLuw (cytoskeleton) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=764CnMID98Y (endoplasmic reticulum) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=55gFY7YfUHM (nucleus) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4OLiDwjj_Bo (ribosome) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOrmMMw5O2M (Golgi apparatus) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y8_G9olr2fA (chloroplast)