Name: __________________
Date: ___________________
Chapter 4 & 5 (Atomic Structure & Electrons in Atoms) Study Guide
1. Define the term atom.
2. What did Democritus discover? When did he live?
3. All atoms contain what three subatomic particles? What are their charges?
4. Who discovered the electron? Briefly describe his experiment.
5. What are the relative masses of a proton, neutron, and electron? How does the
relative mass of a proton compare to that of a neutron?
6. What subatomic particles are located in the nucleus?
7. What subatomic particle occupies almost all the atom? What is its’ charge?
8. What does the atomic number tell about the element?
9. What is the mass number?
10. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in the following atoms:
a. Mercury
b. Bismuth
c. Magnesium-24
d. Magnesium-25
e. Magnesium-26
11. Define an isotope.
12. How are atoms of one element different than the atoms of another element?
13. How are isotopes of the same element different?
14. Calculate the average atomic mass of bromine. One isotope of bromine has an
atomic mass of 78.92amu and a relative abundance of 50.69%. The other major
isotope of bromine has an atomic mass of 80.92amu and a relative abundance of
49.31%.
15. Calculate the average atomic mass of lead. The four lead isotopes have atomic
masses and relative abundances of 203.973 amu (1.4%), 205.974 amu (24.1%),
206.976 amu (22.1%) and 207.977 amu (52.4%).
16. What is an atomic orbital?
17. How do you determine the number of sublevels in an energy level?
18. How many orbitals do each of the following subshells contain:
a. s
b. p
c. d
d. f
19. What is the shape of an s orbital?
20. What is the shape of a d orbital?
21. How many orbitals are in :
a. 3p
b. 6p
c. 5d
d. 7s
e. 3s
22. What is the maximum number of electrons that a single orbital can hold?
23. Write the electron configuration for the following elements
a. Carbon
b. Scandium
c. Lithium
d. Nickel
e. Sulfur
f. Strontium
24. Write the noble gas configuration for the following elements
a. Silver (Ag)
b. Chlorine (Cl)