THE PROGRESSIVE
MOVEMENT
UNIT 3
PROGRESSIVISM
UNIT 3.1
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Progressivism
Muckrakers
Reforming Cities
Reforming Society - NAACP
Reforming the Workplace
Reforming Government
Reforming Voting
Essential Question:
Explain how reforms set forth in
the Progressive Movement
reflect the definition of
Progressivism.
PROGRESSIVISM
• A broad philosophy based on the idea of
progress, which says: advancement in
economic development and social
organization are vital to improving life in
America.
MUCKRAKERS
• Journalists who exposed areas in need of reform
• Slums
• How the Other Half Lives – Jacob Riis
• Standard Oil Company
• Ida Tarbell
• City Governments
• Shame of the Cities – Lincoln Steffens
• Railroad Monopolies
• Frank Norris
REFORMING CITIES
• Necessary services not being provided
• Cities began passing ordinances to help
govern and clean up
REFORMING SOCIETY – NAACP
• Protested segregation in federal government
• Protested the film Birth of a Nation
REFORMING THE WORKPLACE
• Children were limited in the workplace
• Supreme Court decisions on hour limits
• Lochner V NY = no hour restrictions
• Muller V Oregon = 10 hour limit for women
• Bunting V Oregon = 10 hour limit for all
TRIANGLE SHIRTWAIST COMPANY FIRE
• 140 men and women die in high-rise sweatshop fire
• Turning point for labor and reform movements
REFORMING GOVERNMENT
• City Government Reforms
• City Council appoints professional politician to run the city ; five member
city commissions serving as governance
• State Government Reforms
• States pushed to regulate railroads, utilities, and work places
REFORMING VOTING
• Direct primary – voters select a party’s candidates for public office
• 17th amendment – voters elect their senators directly
• Secret ballot – people vote privately without fear of coercion
• Initiative – allows citizens to propose new laws
• Referendum – allows citizens to vote on a proposed or existing law
• Recall – allows voters to remove an elected official from office
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
• Explain how reforms set forth in the Progressive Movement reflect
the definition of Progressivism.
WOMEN IN THE PROGRESSIVE ERA
UNIT 3.2
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Higher Education for Women
Women in the Workplace
National Association of Colored Women (NACW)
The Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
Prohibition Amendments
National Woman Suffrage Association
Suffrage Amendment
Essential Question:
Evaluate the success of the
Women’s organizations
during the Progressive Era.
HIGHER EDUCATION FOR WOMEN
• Available to middle and upper classes – some
jobs still excluded women
WOMEN IN THE WORKPLACE
• Traditional
• Teachers and nurses
• New Middle Class Jobs
• Bookkeepers, typists, secretaries, and shop
clerks, artists and journalists
• Industrial – Paid Less
• Factories, particularly garment industry
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF COLORED
WOMEN (NACW)
• Ida B. Wells-Barnett, Margaret Murray Washington,
and Harriet Tubman
• Against: lynching, segregation, poverty, and Jim
Crow laws
THE WOMEN’S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE
UNION (WCTU)
• Called for Prohibition: ban on making, selling, and
distributing alcoholic beverages
• Evangelists: Billy Sunday and Carry Nation
PROHIBITION AMENDMENTS
• 18th Amendment (1917) = Prohibition
• 21st Amendment (1933) = repealed Prohibition
NATIONAL WOMAN SUFFRAGE
ASSOCIATION
• Called for Women’s Suffrage: to give women the right to vote
• Formed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony
• Anthony challenged law and voted, Supreme Court said
states’ decision who gets to vote
• American Woman Suffrage Association merger - became National
American Woman Suffrage Association
SUFFRAGE AMENDMENT
• 19th Amendment (1920) – granted
Women’s Suffrage – the right to vote
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
• Evaluate the success of the Women’s organizations during the
Progressive Era.
ROOSEVELT THE PROGRESSIVE
Essential Question:
• Theodore Roosevelt – Background
Analyze the steps that
Theodore Roosevelt took to
be a leader in
Progressivism.
• Theodore Roosevelt (R)
• Regulating Big Business
• Regulating Railroads
• Problems with Food and Drugs
• Food and Drug Regulation
• Environmentalism
THEODORE ROOSEVELT - BACKGROUND
• Came from a rich New York family
• Attended Harvard
• Loved the outdoors – obsessed with health
• Rode horses and hunted buffalo
• Became Assistant Secretary of the Navy
• Then became Governor of New York
• Then became McKinley’s Vice President
THEODORE ROOSEVELT (R)
• President from 1901-1909
• Bully Pulpit – platform to publicize
and reform important social issues
REGULATING BIG BUSINESS
• Coal Strike of 1902 – coal needed for heat
• Workers wanted: higher wages, shorter workday,
union to be recognized
• Square Deal: higher wages, shorter workday, union
not recognized
• Roosevelt’s new political platform: Limit trust,
promote health and safety, improve working
conditions – won re-election in 1904
REGULATING RAILROADS
• Mann-Elkins Act (1903) – Everyone pays
equal railroad fees
• Hepburn Act (1906) – Strengthened the
Interstate Commerce Commission – could
set maximum rates
PROBLEMS WITH FOOD AND DRUGS
• Food mixed with chemicals
• Drugs didn’t work or contained harmful drugs
• Meatpacking industry exposed - The Jungle by Upton
Sinclair
FOOD AND DRUG REGULATION
• Meat Inspection Act – meat to be inspected by government if
shipped across state lines
• Pure Food and Drug Act – outlawed food and drugs containing
harmful ingredients
ENVIRONMENTALISM
• Newlands Reclamation Act – irrigation and dams used to make dry
lands farmable
• Bureau of Forestry – run by Gifford Pinchot
• Preserved millions of acres of land for the federal government –
including the Grand Canyon
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
• Analyze the steps that Theodore Roosevelt took to be a leader in
Progressivism.
PROGRESSIVES AFTER
ROOSEVELT
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William Howard Taft (R)
Problems with Taft
Rise of the Bull Moose
Election of 1912
Woodrow Wilson (D)
Banking Reform
Business Reform
Social Reform
Essential Question:
Compare the successes and
failures in the Progressive
movement for Woodrow Wilson
and William Howard Taft.
WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT (R)
• Supported by Roosevelt in Election of 1908
• Continued Roosevelts reforms
• Labor Department (to enforce labor laws)
• National Forest Reserves
• 16th Amendment - income tax
PROBLEMS WITH TAFT
• 1909 Tariff – angered Progressives who wanted high tariffs
• Gifford Pinchot (Head of US Bureau of Forestry) accused Richard
Ballinger (Secretary of the Interior) of sabotaging conservation
efforts – resulted in Taft firing Pinchot, turned many Progressives
against Taft
RISE OF THE BULL MOOSE
• Theodore Roosevelt (R) wanted to run again, so did
William Howard Taft (R) – Taft got automatically
nominated as current President
• Theodore Roosevelt formed the Progressive Party (aka
The Bull Moose Party)
ELECTION OF 1912
• Woodrow Wilson (D) - won
• Theodore Roosevelt (P / BM) – split votes with
Taft – lost
• William Howard Taft (R) – split votes with
Roosevelt - lost
WOODROW WILSON (D)
• New Freedom – tariff reductions, banking reform,
stronger antitrust legislation
• Underwood Tariff Act – lowest taxes in 50 years
thanks to income tax
BANKING REFORM
• Federal Reserve Act
• Reserve Board
• 12 Federal Reserve Banks – private banks
borrowed from these
• Private Banks
BUSINESS REFORM
• Clayton Anti-Trust Act - updated Sherman AntiTrust Act – Companies could not buy stocks of
other companies to form monopolies – made
strikes, boycotts, and picketing legal
• Federal Trade Commission – investigated and
enforced laws
SOCIAL REFORM
• Wilson – Left lynching laws up to states –
segregation made legal – interracial marriage
illegal
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
• Compare the successes and failures in the Progressive movement
for Woodrow Wilson and William Howard Taft.