Chapter 11
Election of 1800:
rematch b/w Adams and Jefferson
• Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans
• John Adams- ridiculed for prepping for war w/
France
• Thomas Jefferson- attacked for Sally
Hemmings and not being very religious
Thomas Jefferson
• Wins 73 to 65
• 3/5ths Compromise
• Actually tied w/ Aaron
Burr- tie broken by
House
Revolution of 1800
• Jefferson: restore republican government,
check government power
• Historians: peaceful transfer of power from
one party to another
Thomas Jefferson as President
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Humble
Casual
Simple/frugal
Didn’t seat by rank
No political patronage
Jefferson vs. Federalist policy
• Alien Acts expired
• Pardoned Sedition Act violators
• Reduces naturalization requirement from 14 to 5
years
• Got rid of excise tax (whiskey)
• Nothing else really
Judiciary Act of 1801
• Passed by the Federalists
• Created 16 new federal judgeships
• Adams and “midnight judges”
John Marshall
• Chief Justice of
Supreme Court
• Appointed by Adams
• 30 days under
Federalists, 34 years
under other partied
Marbury vs. Madison- 1803
• William Marbury- one of the midnight
appointees
• Commission held by James Madison- new
Secretary of State
• Marbury sues Madison
Marshall rules
• Against Marbury
• Said that the Judicial Act of 1801 was
unconstitutional so it couldn’t be upheld in
court
• JUDICIAL REVIEW!!!!!
Jefferson, a Reluctant Warrior
• Reduced military to about 2500
• Didn’t want to invest in army or navy
• North African Barbary Pirates
1801
• America had started paying bribe in 1798
• Jefferson not happy
• Tripoli declared war against US
Tripolitan War
• “to the shores of Tripoli”
• America “wins”, paid $60,000 ransom
• Invested money in small gunboats
Louisiana probs
• 1800- Napoleon got Louisiana territory back
from France (secret treaty)
• 1802- America’s right of deposit withdrawn
(Pinckney’s Treaty)
• Problem for US
1803
• Jefferson sent James Monroe and Robert
Livingston to negotiate with Napoleon
• Instructed to buy New Orleans and as much
land east as possible for a max of $10 million
Meanwhile, Napoleon ready to sell
• 1. Haitian Revolution
• 2. needed money for war with Britain
April 30, 1803
• Monroe and Livingston bought all of the
territory for $15 million
• “greatest real estate deal in history, 820,000
square miles for about 3 cents an acre”
Controversial
• Strict vs. loose constructionists
• Jefferson really upset
Louisiana Purchase
• Precedent for future expansion
• Isolationists principles
Exploration
• Lewis and Clark
• Sacajawea
• Zebulon Pike
Aaron Burr’s Conspiracies
• Jefferson’s original VP
• Dropped for 2nd term
• Conspires w/ Federalists
• Hamilton exposes the
plot
Duel
• Burr angry at Hamilton
• Hamilton accepts
• Shows up but doesn’t shoot, killed
1804
• Jefferson re-elected
France vs. Britain (again)
• Napoleon revives war with France
• Orders in Council (1806)
• Impressment
• Chesapeake Affair
America demands respect!
• Embargo Act- 1807
• “dambargo” lol
1809
• Congress repeals Embargo Act
• Non-Intercourse Act- America allowed to trade
with everyone accept Britain and France
1808
• James Madison
Macon’s Bill No. 2
• Reopened commercial trade with the world
Domestic Problems
• War hawks in Congress
• Trans-Allegheny wilderness conflicts between
Americans and Indians
Tecumseh and the Prophet
Battle of Tippecanoe
• William Henry Harrison led troops
• Defeated Indians
• Drove Tecumseh to ally with British
June 1, 1812
• Madison asked Congress to declare war
against Britain
• Start of the War of 1812