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One of the four types of tissue in the body
Elongated cells
Specialized for contraction
Three types of muscle tissue:
1. Skeletal muscle
2. Cardiac muscle
3. Smooth muscle
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Produce movement of the skeleton
Maintaining Posture and body position
Support soft tissues
Guard entrances and exits
Maintain body temperature by generating
heat
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Positions the head and
spinal column
Moves the rib cage
Does not play a role in
movement or support of the
pectoral girdle
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Stabilizes or moves components of the
appendicular skeleton
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Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Circumduction
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Lateral rotation
Medial rotation
Pronation
Supination
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Inversion/Eversion
Dorsiflexion
Plantar flexion
Opposition /reposition
Protraction/retraction
Elevation /depression
Lateral and medial excursion
1. Origin = muscle attachment that remains fixed
2. Insertion = muscle attachment that moves
3. Primary mover = what joint movement a muscle
produces
When a skeletal muscle
contracts,
its insertion moves
toward its origin
4. Agonist = primary mover
 Main muscle in an action
5. Synergist
 Helper muscle in action
6. Antagonist
 Oppose or reverse a movement
 When agonists are in action, antagonists are relaxed
7. Fixator
 Stabilize the origin of a primary mover
 Postural muscles are fixators
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Deltoid
Orbicularis
Pectinate
Piriformis
Platy
Pyramidal
Rhomboid
Serratus
Splenius
Teres
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Triangular
Circular
Comblike
Pear Shaped
Flat
Pyramid
Rhomboid
Serrated
Bandage
Long and round
Trapezius
Pennate
 Digastric
 Fusiform
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Trapezoid
Feather-like
 Two-bellied
 Spindle
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Brevis
Gracilis
 Lata
 Latissimus
 Longus
 Longissimus
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Short
Slender
 Wide
 Widest
 Long
 Longest
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Magnus
Major
 Minimus
 Minor
 Vastus
 Tendinosus
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Large
Larger
 Smallest
 Small
 Great
 Tendinous
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Some muscles are named for the bone with
which they are associated
 Ex: temporalis overlays the temporal bone
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Biceps = two origins
Tripceps = three origins
Quadriceps = 4 origins
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Ex: sternocleidomastoid muscle has its origin
on the sternum (sterno) and clicel (cleido) and
inserts on the mastoid process of the
remporal bone
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Flexor, extensor, adductor
 Ex: extensor muscles of the wrist extend the
wrist.
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Rectus = straight; fibers run parallel to an
imaginary line, usually midline
 Ex: rectus femoris = straight muscle of the thigh
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Oblique = muscle fibers run at a slant to an
imaginary line
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Alba = White
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Flexion = movement which decreases the angle of
the joint; brings two bones closer together
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Extension = movement which increases the angle
of the joint or the distance between two bones
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Hyperextension = extension greater than 180o
Common movement of a hinge joint
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Rotation = movement of a bone around its
longitudinal axis
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Abduction = moving away from midline
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Adduction = moving toward midline
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Circumduction = combination of flexion,
extension, abduction and adduction
 Proximal end of the joint is stationary
 Distal end moves in a circle
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Dorsiflexion = lifting the foot at the ankle
towards the shin
 Standing on your heels
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Plantar flexion = depressing the foot
 Pointing your toes
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Special movements of the foot
Inversion = turning the sole of the foot medially
Eversion = turning the sole of the foot laterally
Refer to movements of the radius around the ulna
 Supination = turning backward
 Palm facing backward; radius and ulna cross
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Pronation = turning forward
 Palm facing forward; radius and ulna are parallel
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Specifically of the thumb
Ability to touch your thumb to your fingertip
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Protraction: moving a body part anteriorly in
the horizontal plane
 Ex: grasp you upper lip with your lower teeth
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Retraction: moving a body part posteriorly in
the horizontal plane