Lymphatic System
• Body’s 3 lines of defense are _____, _______, and
_______________.
• What is bone marrow?
• Function of bone marrow is?
• What are WBC’s?
• Example of dz/condition with increased WBC (leukocytosis)
• Example of dz/condition with deceased WBC (leukopenia)
What is pus?
• What are RBC’s?
• What is RBC’s function?
• Why are they red?
• What is an antigen?
• What is an antibody?
• What are platelets?
• What are some examples of Internal defenses
to fight infection?
• What is an example of an external defense
against infection? (Hint- it is the largest organ
in the body)
Relate Lymphatic to Immune System
• Immune System– body’s defense system
against infections (virus, bacteria, fungi)
• Lymphatic System– system of capillaries,
vessels, lymph nodes, and lymphatic tissue
– Transports a fluid called LYMPH from the tissues
as it returns to the bloodstream
– Lymphatic tissue filters (cleans) the lymph of
abnormal cells and pathogens
So, what is lymph
• Thin, watery fluid that forms when plasma
diffuses into tissue spaces (plasma is a straw
colored liquid that is a component of blood)
• Lymph is composed of water, digested
nutrients, salts, hormones, O2, CO2, and
metabolic wastes (Ex. Urea)
Lymphatic vessels
• Located throughout the body in almost all
tissues that have blood vessels
Lymph nodes
• AKA glands
• Located all over the body
• Small, round, oval masses – range in size
• Lymph vessels bring lymph to the nodes
• The nodes then filter the lymph and remove impurities
(Ex. Cancer cells, pathogens, dead blood cells)
• The lymphatic tissue in the nodes produces
lymphocytes (WBC) and antibodies (fight infection)
• So, now the purified lymph (with its
lymphocytes and antibodies) leaves the lymph
node by a lymphatic vessel
• As the lymph vessels leave the lymph node
they join together and form larger lymph
vessels that drain into 1 of 2 ducts
1. Right Lymphatic Duct
• Short tube that receives purified lymph from
the right side of head/neck/chest and right
arm
• ** Purified lymph nodes enter into the right
subclavian vein which returns purified lymph
to the blood
2. Thoracic duct
• Larger tube that drains the rest of the body
and empties into the left subclavian vein
• At the beginning of this duct is a pouchlike
structure called the cisterna chyli---- a storage
area for purified lymph before it returns to the
bloodstream
Heart
This is where the
ducts drain into.
They drain into
the right and left
subclavian veins
of the heart.
Lymphatic tissue
• Produces lymphocytes (WBC) and antibodies
(fight infection)
• Examples of lymphatic tissue
• 1. Tonsils– you have 3 pairs
– Palatine- located on each side of soft palate
– Pharyngeal (adenoids)- located in the nasopharynx
– Lingual- located back of tongue
• 2. Spleen- organ located just below your rib
cage on left side
– Functions:
• Produces leukocytes, antibodies
• Destroys old RBC’s
• Stores erythrocytes to release into the bloodstream if
excessive bleeding occurs
• Filters wastes from the tissues
• 3. Thymus
– Located center part of chest
– Goes away after puberty and is replaced by fat
and connective tissue
– During early life, it produces antibodies and
lymphocytes to fight infection
- SO, why does it atrophy??
•SUM IT UP
Diseases/Conditions
• 1. Adenitis
– Inflammation/infection of lymph nodes
– Happens because large quantities of pathogens
enter lymph node and infect the tissue
– Sx: fever, swollen/painful nodes
– Tx: antibiotics, warm compresses
• If abcess forms- may have to incise and drain the node
• 2. Hodgkin’s disease (lymphoma)
– Chronic, malignant disease of lymph nodes
– Sx: painless swelling of nodes, fever, night sweats,
weight loss, fatigue
– Tx: chemo/radiation, bone marrow transplant
• 3. Lymphangitis- inflammation of the
lymphatic vessels, usually resulting from an
infection in an extremity
• Sx: red streak extends up arm/leg from the
source of infection, fever, chills, pain
• Tx: antibiotics, rest, elevate affected part
• 4. Splenomegaly—enlargement of the spleen
– Sx: swelling, abd. pain
• Can lead to anemia, leukopenia
• If spleen ruptures—Intraperitoneal hemorrhage and
shock----death
• Can you remove spleen????
• 5. Tonsillitis– inflammation/infection of tonsils
– Sx: throat pain, dysphagia, fever, white spots of
exudate on tonsils, swollen lymph nodes near
mandible
– Tx: Antibiotics, rest, tylenol/advil for pain, warm
gargles
– Chronic/frequent infections or enlargement that
may cause an obstruction may need ?????
• Other
– AIDS– caused by HIV (human immunodeficiency
virus)
– Mononucleosis (MONO)
• Highly contagious (kissing disease)
• Autoimmune diseases (immune system
attacks its own healthy tissue)
– Rheumatoid arthritis
– Lupus
Vaccines and Immunity
• What is a vaccine?
• How does the vaccine provide immunity?
• Examples of “killed” vaccines
• Examples of “live” vaccines