The Lymphatic System
Functions
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Lymphatic system - defends the body against __________________________
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Lymphatic vessels - Take up excess tissue fluid (_____________) & return it to the ___________________
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Lymph capillaries - absorb __________ at the intestinal ___________ and send them to the bloodstream
Lymph Vessels
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Extensive throughout body with lymphatic _________________ branching everywhere.
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_______________ -way system.
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Acts like a _______________________!
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Contains ____________________.
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Large vessels contain _____________________.
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Depend on _____________________ muscle _______________________ for circulation
Blast From the Past!
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Tissue fluid consists of ________________ substances (water, ions, oxygen, etc.) that were small enough
to ____________________ from the capillaries into the ___________________
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Some ______________________ fluid doesn’t make it back into the __________________________
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This excess tissue fluid then will drain into _______________________ vessels
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Tissue fluid then is called _______________________
The Drain (Reentering the Bloodstream)
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Lymph _____________________ lymph ___________________  1 of 2 ______________:
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____________________ Lymphatic Duct
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Drains _____________ of body
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Collects from right _______________, right side of head &________________.
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Drains into right _______________________.
______________________ Duct
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Drains _____________ (the rest the of body).
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Drains into the ________________ subclavian vein.
Lymph Organs
• Organs that contain _____________________________
- Type of ____________________
- 2 types: __________ & __________
• Lymph__________________:
- ________________________
- ________________________
- ________________________
- ______________________________________
Spleen
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Located in ________________ left abdomen below ___________________________.
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Divided into _________________ containing _____________________.
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Sinuses filled with ____________________.
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Acts as a ____________________________ for blood.
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____________________ blood as it passes through.
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____ cells produce ______________________ in spleen.
Lymph Nodes
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Small round ___________________ that occur along lymph vessels.
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Contain __________________________
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___________________ (empty sacs) inside nodules filled with ___________________________.
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Purifies ____________________ as it passes through.
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Kills _________________ organisms.
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Located in large numbers at certain points in body.
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Examples:
Tonsils
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Partly _________________________ lymph nodules
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3 kinds:
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_____________________________ - (adenoids) back of nasal passage.
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_____________________________ - base of tongue most commonly removed.
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_____________________________ - 2 large organs on sides of uvula rarely removed.
Thymus
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Located resting on the ____________________, superior to the ______________________.
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Larger in _______________________.
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Matures ____ lymphocyte cells.
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Produces the hormone ____________________ which causes pre-T cells to ______________ into T cells.
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Adds _______________________ to infants.
Thymus Anatomy
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____________________ - divisions where lymphocytes are produced.
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____________________ - outer part of lobule, less mature T cells are located here.
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____________________ - inner part of lobule, more mature T cells are located here.
2 Kinds of Defenses
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____________________________
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Barriers to _____________________ : skin & mucus membranes
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Inflammatory Reaction: release of ____________________ & wbc’s to phagocytize (eat) bacteria
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Protective ____________________: complement systems (plasma protein chain reaction) kicks in
to attack__________________________.
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Example: __________________________ binds to viruses receptors cells.
_____________________________
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B (___________ marrow) lymphocytes: mature in the bone & become plasma cells that produce
________________________.
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T (____________) lymphocytes: mature in the thymus & directly attach to cells bearing antigens.
Immunity
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_______________________ MEDIATED
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_____ cells are responsible
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Foreign bodies stimulate the _______________ B cell to divide many times (____________)
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Some B cells produce specific ___________________ that target _________________ & destroy.
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Some _______________ B cells are also produced to maintain immunity.
_____________________ MEDIATED
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_____ cells are responsible
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T cells then directly _________________ this complex.
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__________________ T cells finally stimulate B cells to release_______________________.
Antibodies
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Antibodies are proteins produced in the presence of some foreign substance in the blood
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Produced by B cells that become plasma cells.
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Antigens are foreign invaders (usually a protein) that stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies.
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Antibodies are very specific for antigens.
Immunotherapy
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Ability to defend against infectious organisms, foreign cells, & cancer cells.
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Primarily the result of B cells & T cells.
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Active immunity occurs after an infection from a bacteria or virus. Long lasting immunity.
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Vaccinations stimulate active immunity by introducing weak or dead pathogen.
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Passive immunity occurs when an antibody is given to a person to fight an infection. Short lasting.
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Lymphokines are immune stimulating proteins released by T cells.