Warm Up
What are the four phases of matter? Can you
define them?
Unit 1 Notes: Matter and Change
The universe is matter, energy and
space.
What is Chemistry?
• CHEMISTRY: is the study of the composition
and properties of matter, and the changes it can
undergo.
• Basically the study of STUFF.
Chemistry is diverse…
•
•
•
•
•
Organic
Applied
Analytical
Biochemistry
And many more…
What is matter?
• VOLUME: The amount of 3-dimensional space
an object occupies.
• MASS: is a measure of the amount of matter.
• MATTER: Anything that has mass and volume
30 sec: Give an example of matter!
• ELEMENT: is a pure substance that cannot be
broken down into simpler substances and is
made of one type of atom.
▫ There are 115 known elements on the periodic
table!
• COMPOUND: is a substance that can be
broken down into more simple substances. Each
compound is made from the atoms of two or
more elements.
Lets Break Those Down…
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
O
C
C
O
C
O
O
C
O
O
Pure Substances
• A grouping of a single type of element or
compound
▫ These are the same anywhere in the world!
▫ They cannot be broken down by physical changes
but can be broken down by chemical changes
Properties of Matter
• Properties, such as combustibility, help us
identify unknown substances.
• EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES: depend on the
amount of matter present.
• INTENSIVE PROPERTIES: do not depend
on the amount of matter present.
VOLUME
MASS
ENERGY
DENSITY
CONDUCTIVE
MELTING P
BOILING P
Mixtures
• A blend of two or more kinds of matter where
each type of particle keeps its own identity and
properties
• Not chemically bonded
• Can be separated without a chemical reaction
• Categorized as homogenous or heterogenous
Homogenous Mixtures
• A mixture that is uniform and evenly mixed
throughout. Also known as solutions
Heterogenous mixture
• A mixture that is not uniform and is unevenly
mixed
Types of changes:
Physical vs. Chemical
Physical Change
• PHYSICAL CHANGE: a change in a substance
that does not involve a change in the identity of
that substance.
Chemical Change
• CHEMICAL CHANGE: a change in which one
or more substances are converted into different
substances. (ie Chemical Reaction)
▫ Signs of a chemical change include: gas
formation, heat released, color change
Chemical Reactions
• REACTANTS: the substances that react in a
chemical change.
• PRODUCTS: the substances that form after a
chemical change.
2H2 + O2
H
H
H
H
2H2O + HEAT
O
O
H
O
O
H
H
H
3 States of Matter (Minus Plasma)
• SOLID: state in which matter has a definite
shape.
• LIQUID: state in which matter has a definite
volume/size but indefinite shape.
• GAS: state in which matter has an indefinite
volume and shape. Lots of empty space