Properties of Matter
Classifying Matter
•
•
Matter- anything that has mass and takes
up space
2 categories
1. Mixtures- contain more than one kind of matter
that can be separated out
2. Substances
•
•
Some are made up of only one kind of matter elements
Some are made of more than one kind of matter but
cannot be separated without changing the substance
Mixtures
• Homogeneous mixture- contains more
than one type of matter and is the same
throughout(soda pop, air, chocolate ice
cream)
• Heterogeneous mixture- contains
more than one type of matter and is not
the same throughout (chicken noodle
soup)
Substances
• All substances are either elements or
compounds
• Elements
• Compounds- substances that are
made of 2 or more elements that cannot
be separated by physical means
Measuring Matter
• Mass- the amount of matter an object
has
• Volume- the amount of space an object
takes up
• Density
Volume
• Rectangular solid or cube
– Length x width x height
• Cylinder
– pi x radius2 x height
• Cone
– 1/3 x pi x radius2 x height
• Sphere
– 4/3 x pi x radius3
Volume
• Irregular shapes?
– Displacement method
• Use graduated cylinder
• Object displaces water
• Read water level at the bottom of the meniscus
Mass
• Use a scale- measures the gravitational
force between an object and Earth,
calculates mass from weight
• Use a balance- measures mass of
unknown object by comparing it with
objects whose masses are known
Mass
• Measuring very large and very small
amounts
– Use indirect measurement (pg 282)
States of Matter
• Molecule- smallest particle of a
compound that retains the properties of
the compound
• Atom- smallest particle of an element
Water
• Compound
• Each molecule has one atom of oxygen
ad 3 atoms of hydrogen
Mixtures
The Building Blocks
• Atoms
• Molecules
The Atom
• Building blocks of matter
– Subatomic particles
• Electrons
• Protons
• Neutrons