APUSH
Mr. Jackson
Chapter 5 Terms and Dates
Dates:
1763: French and Indian War Ends
1764: Parliament passes the Revenue (Sugar) Act
1765: Parliament passes the Stamp Act; colonists hold Stamp Act Congress
1766: Parliament repeals the Stamp Act and passes the Declaratory
1767: Parliament levies the Townshend duties
1770: Boston Massacre
1773: Colonists stage the Boston Tea Party
1774: Parliament passes the Coercive Acts; colonists hold First Continental Congress
1775: Battles of Lexington and Concord, Battle of Bunker Hill
1776: Thomas Paine's Common Sense is published; Declaration of Independence is signed
Terms:
Whig: name given to those who opposed King James II. Champions of individual liberty and
parliamentary supremacy. (pg. 192)
George Grenville: chief minister to the king. Strong-willed accountant. Industrious, honest, and
hard-headed. Reasoned that Americans should share the cost of their own defense. Under
Grenville, the period of “salutary neglect” in the enforcement of the Navigation Acts was coming
to an end. Another regulatory measure was the Currency Act of 1764. He prohibited the
Colonies from printing money. His actions outraged Americans. Dismissed from chief minister
because of disagreeing with the king on views of government officials (pg. 192-3)
Stamp Act: February 13, 1765, created revenue stamps and required that they be purchased
and affixed to printed matter and legal documents of all kinds: newspapers, pamphlets,
broadsides, almanacs, bonds, leases, deeds, licenses, insurance policies, ship clearances,
college diplomas, and playing cards. Burdened all the colonists. Colonists disagreed with this
act. Created by George Grenville and passed by Parliament. Brought about the saying, “No
taxation without Representation.” (pg. 195-7)
Sons of Liberty: colonial militants who disagreed with the choices made by the Crown and
Power above them. Met under “liberty trees” in Boston (great elm) and Charleston (live oak) (pg.
196)
Daughters of Liberty: women who disagreed with the Townshend Acts. They boycotted
English goods. Instead of importing, they made their own clothes and manufactured their own
goods. (pg. 200)
Stamp Act Congress: In opposition to the Stamp Act, the Massachusetts House of
Representatives invited colonial assemblies to send delegates to confer in NY. Only 9
responded, and from October 7 to 25, 1765, the Stamp Act Congress met with 27 delegates.
They formulated a Declaration of the Rights and Grievance of the Colonies, which was a petition
to the king to repeal the Stamp Act. (pg. 198)
Townshend Acts: 1767 Charles Townshend puts his revenue plan (Townshend Acts) through
the House of Commons. He sought to bring New York's colonial assembly to its senses. At
Townshend's behest, all acts of New York's Assembly were suspended. New York caved in
after protest. Townshend duties increased government revenues. (pg. 200)
Samuel Adams: Born 1722 in Boston. “Politics, no profit.” Insisted that Parliament had no right
to legislate at all for the colonies. Said that Massachusetts should defend its liberties. Organizer
of the Sons of Liberty. Formulated a letter with James Otis with the main idea of “No taxation
without colonial representation in Parliament.” (pg. 201)
Lord North: 1769. Becomes new chief minister under George III. He venerated the traditions of
Parliament. Colonial boycotts cause Lord North to modify the Townshend Acts, which were
repealed in 1770.
“Boston Massacre”: March 7, 1770. Boston colonists taunt the British sentry. A gun went off
and later 5 were dead. Colonial resistance had its first martyrs including a slave named Cripus
Attucks. British soldiers were tried and defended by John Adams. Led to the Townshend Act
being repealed. (pg. 202)
Committees of Correspondence: Backed by colonial merchants. Alerted colonists to the new
danger. (pg. 206 & 209)
Boston Tea Party: December 16, 1773. Men disguised as Mohawk Indians boarded 3 ships
and threw 342 chests of East India Company tea overboard. Parties unknown. Showed how the
colonists tried too evade royal authority and imperial regulations. Pushed British officials to their
breaking point. (pg. 206-7)
Coercive Acts (“Intolerable Acts”): 1774. Put in place by Parliament and designed by Lord
North. Purpose: to discipline Boston. 4 parts: The Boston Port Act (closed the harbor until June
1, 1774, until the city had paid for the lost tea), An Act for the Impartial Administration of Justice
(transferring a trial to England), Quartering Act (providing housing for British soldiers), and
Massachusetts Government Act made all of the colony's council and law-enforcement officers
appointive rather than elective. Goal to isolate Boston and make an example of the colony. (pg.
208)
First Continental Congress: September 5, 1774. assembled in Philadelphia. Declared
Coercive or Intolerable, Acts null and void, urged MA to arm for defense, and called for
economic sanctions against British commerce. Adopted Declaration of American Rights.
Adopted the Continental Association of 1774 (recommended everyone boycott British goods).
(pg. 209-10)
Lexington and Concord: April 18, 1775. Redcoats set out by way of Lexington. Paul Revere
and William Dawes were sent to spread the news. Colonists lined up in Lexington and the
British went toward Concord. They fought along the ridge between these two cities. The
redcoats retreated to protection at the fleet at Boston. (pg. 212-3)
Second Continental Congress: May 15, 1775 in Philadelphia. Had no legal authority or
resources. Met during reports of spreading warfare. Named Washington commander in chief of
a Continental Army. (pg. 214)
Battle of Bunker Hill: June 17, 1775. Between British and the colonials. First major fight.
British charged on Americans earthworks. The British soldiers collected and attacked again. The
3rd time, the colonists began running out of gun powder. 2 profound effects: high number of
British causalities and the Continental Congress recommended that all able-bodied men join the
militia. (pg. 215-6)
Common Sense: 1776, written by Thomas Paine. Published in Philadelphia. Attacked
allegiance to the monarchy. “Americans should consult their won interests, abandon George III,
and declare their independence : “The blood of the slain, the weeping voice of nature cries,
'This Time to Part.'” (pg. 218)
Declaration of Independence: committee of 5 men (appointed by the Continental Congress),
Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Robert Livingston, and Roger Sherman, to write a
public explanation of the reasons for colonials discontent and to provide a rationale for
independence. Jefferson was a draftsman. The declaration had 86 changes made to it by the
Congress. The final product constitutes a compelling restatement of John Locke's theory on
Government. (pg. 219-21)