Midterm Study Guide
Notes
Describe the terms of the
Treaty of Versailles.
Describe the terms of the Treaty of
Versailles.
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Reduce military to 100,000 men.
Give up land.
Pay $33 billion in reparations.
Guilt Clause: Accept responsibility for the
entire war.
Analyze everyday
Germans’ reactions to the
Treaty of Versailles.
Analyze everyday Germans’ reactions
to the Treaty of Versailles.
• An average German would feel ____________
about the Treaty of Versailles.
• He/She would feel _____________ because
the Treaty said Germany _________________.
• This would make him/her ________________
because ______________________________.
What weaknesses did the
Weimar Republic have? How
did these contribute to the
weakness of the
democracy?
What weaknesses did the Weimar Republic
have? How did these contribute to the
weakness of the democracy?
• A democracy is built on the voices of the people.
• The executive branch could fire the legislative
branch. The legislative branch is made up of
representatives of the people. If you fire them,
you are silencing the voices of the people.
• Article 48 allowed the executive branch to pass
laws in an emergency, ignore the legislative
branch, bring the military against the people. This
power does not allow the people to have voice in
their government.
What was the role of education in
Nazi Germany? What kind of
people did Hitler want to produce
through education? How were girls
and boys educated differently?
What was the role of education in Nazi
Germany? What kind of people did Hitler want
to produce through education? How were girls
and boys educated differently?
• Hitler used education to spread his ideology
and to create unthinking people.
• He wanted Germans to be physically strong,
indifferent to pain, obedient and violent.
• He educated boys to be soldiers. They studied
military sciences and physical education.
• He wanted girls to be breeders. They studied
home economics and race science.
Describe the events leading up to
and on the night of Kristallnacht.
Analyze their historical significance.
Describe the events leading up to and on the night
of Kristallnacht. Analyze their historical significance.
• Build up: Germany expels Polish Jews. Poland
refuses to let them in. They become refugees.
The son of refugees shoots a Nazi officer in Paris.
• Kristallnacht: Germans burn synagogues, loot
Jewish businesses and homes, kill Jews and send
them to concentration camps.
• Significance: This is when the discrimination
against Jews becomes violent. Many consider this
the beginning of the Holocaust. The events of
Kristallnacht are published worldwide, and
countries do nothing to intervene. Hitler realizes
no one will stop him and becomes more
confident.
Describe the stages of the
Holocaust.
• Stage 1: Discrimination and persecution- Jews are
excluded socially, economically and politically. The
Nuremberg Laws define who is Jewish and strip Jews of
their ability to socialize with non-Jews, to work in
government and military positions and to claim German
citizenship.
• Stage 2: Ghettos- Jews are forced to move to enclosed
neighborhoods with limited resources. Many Jews die
from starvation, disease and exposure.
• Stage 3: Mobile Killing Squads- Small units in the
German Army travel around to small villages, rounding
up Jews and shooting them.
• Stage 4: Death Camps/Gas Chambers- Germans develop
more efficient methods of killing. They send Jews to
camps where they are sorted into groups– fit Jews will
be slave labor, unfit Jews will be sent to gas chambers.
Describe the factors that
complicated the ability of Jews to
resist during the Holocaust.
• Hope: Jews believed they might survive and see
their loved ones again. This made them reluctant
to risk their survival by resisting.
• Reprisals/Retaliation: Germans would punish
many for the actions of a few. Jews were
unwilling to risk the lives of others by resisting.
• Disagreement: Jews did not agree about the best
way to handle what was happening. This led to a
lack of unity and planning.
• Anti-Semitism: Non-Jews were suspicious and
hostile to Jews. This meant Jews could not
depend on anyone else for help. They were often
in danger of being turned in if they escaped.
Open-Text Essay Review
Using Textual Evidence
Step 1: Be sure that your quote is relevant.
Step 2: Be sure that your quote communicates a
complete thought! It should NOT be a fragment of a
sentence or a partial idea.
Step 3: SET UP your evidence. EXPLAIN the context of the
quote (Who said it? Where did this happen? What does
your reader need to know in order to understand it?).
Step 4: Write the quote in quotation marks and cite your
source.
Step 5: Explain how your quote supports your thesis.
MLA In-text Citations:
Formatting Review
Write your quote in quotation marks. NOTHING
else should be inside these quotation marks,
ESPECIALLY NOT your citation. Your citation will
include the author’s last name and the page
number. If there is no known author, use the
title of the work and the page number.
“I’m a quote. I’m also relevant, and I include a
complete thought” (“Article Title” 330).
Which of the following is CORRECT?
A. “Dogs are very loyal companions. Everyone
should have one.” (“Fake Article” 3)
B. “Cats are good pillows. They are soft and
warm (“Another Fake Article” p. 4).”
C. “Fish do not make good pillows. They never
survive” (“Fake Article Again” 67).
D. “Fish should stay in water” (“Unknown 67”).
What is WRONG?
A. “Dogs are very loyal companions. Everyone
should have one.” (“Fake Article” 3).
B. “Cats are good pillows. They are soft and
warm” (“Another Fake Article” p. 4).”
C. “Fish do not make good pillows. They never
survive” (“Fake Article Again” 67). CORRECT
D. “Fish should stay in water” (“Unknown
Article Title” 67”).
Describe the tension between the founding
ideals of the United States and its inclusion and
exclusion of various groups.
• Tension means that two ideas contradict each
other.
• Your thesis should include BOTH ideas and
identify the contradiction:
The United States was _______________. We
said we believed _________________________,
but we excluded ____________________ and
_____________________.
Founding Ideals:
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Freedom/Liberty
Justice for all
All men are created equal
Fundamental Inalienable Rights
Participation in Government
Groups Excluded
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Native Americans
African Americans
Women
Men who did not own property
Non-Christians
How did the Nazis come to power in the Weimar
Republic? *Be sure to connect their rise to the
social, economic and political aftermath of the
Treaty of Versailles.
• We need to remind ourselves of what
Germany was like after the War and the Treaty
of Versailles.
• We need to identify the ways that the Nazis
promised to address these concerns.
Germany Post-WW1
• Social
– Germans were looking for someone to blame for losing the
war and for their economic hardship.
– Germans were humiliated from their loss in WW1 and the
Treaty of Versailles.
• Economic
– High Unemployment
– High Taxes
– Debt from WW1 and Reparations
• Political
– Germans did not trust the new government. They thought
they were traitors and were to blame for the Treaty.
– Germans did not like the Treaty of Versailles.
Nazi Solutions
• Social
– Germans were looking for someone to blame for
losing the war and for their economic hardship.
– Germans were humiliated from their loss in WW1
and the Treaty of Versailles.
• Nazi Solutions
– Blame Jews and immigrants for problems in
Germany!
– Rebuild Germany as a great world power! German
Superiority!
Nazi Solutions
• Economic
– High Unemployment
– High Taxes
– Debt from WW1 and Reparations
• Nazi Solutions
– Get rid of immigrants and Jews so that Germans
will have more jobs and money.
– Get rid of the Treaty of Versailles so Germany will
not have to pay reparations.
Nazi Solutions
• Political
– Germans did not trust the new government. They
thought they were traitors and were to blame for
the Treaty.
– Germans did not like the Treaty of Versailles.
• Nazi Solutions
– Abolish the Treaty of Versailles in order to undo
what the traitors did.