Subsistence vs. Commercial Agriculture
Cattle
A capital intensive, commercial, intensive landuse system in which cattle are raised in feedlots with automatic feeding, watering and ventilation systems.
An extensive commercial system in which cattle are raised on the open range using natural grasslands as pasture.
An extensive subsistence system in arid regions in which cattle are herded nomadically among different locations of water and natural pastures.
An extensive commercial system in humid tropical regions in which settlers clear patches of rain forest, plant grass, and graze cattle.
Wheat
A capital intensive, commercial, extensive production system for growing and harvesting wheat.
A capital-intensive, commercial, extensive system for irrigating wheat fields.
A labor-intensive subsistence/commercial system for growing and harvesting wheat.
A labor-intensive subsistence system for irrigating wheat fields.
Location
Location
Population
Precipitation per year

Subsistence vs. Commercial Agriculture
Rice
Labor-intensive, subsistence/commercial, and intensive land-use system in which rice is cultivated in rice paddy fields on flatland.
Hey labor – intensive, subsistence/commercial, intensive land-use system in which rice is cultivated in terraced hillside rice paddies
A capital – intensive, commercial, extensive land – use system for cultivating and harvesting rice.
A somewhat capital – intensive, commercial, highly intense of land – use system for cultivating and harvesting rice.
A labor – intensive, extensive, subsistence system in humid tropical regions in which settlers slash and burn patches of rain forest and plant rice.
Bananas
A labor – intensive, commercial, intensive land – use system in which bananas are grown in corporate plantations.
A subsistence system in which banana trees are growing in villages as supplemental food sources.
A capital – intensive commercial system in which bananas are grown in geothermally heated greenhouses.
Location
Location Climate
Development Level

Subsistence vs. Commercial Agriculture
Vegetables
A commercial, intensive land
– use system in which seasonal vegetables are grown on “truck farms” for nearby cities.
A capital – intensive, commercial, intensive land – use system in which vegetables are cultivated hydroponically in soilless containers in greenhouses.
A large – scale, labor – intensive, commercial, intensive land – use system for cultivating and harvesting vegetables using migrant workers.
A labor – intensive, subsistence/commercial, intensive land – use system for vegetables in small, backyard, urban plots.
A labor – intensive, subsistence, intensive land – use system for growing vegetables in desert oases.
Seafood
A capital-intensive commercial system in which fish are caught in a trawl net, processed, and frozen aboard a “factory ship.”
A capital – intensive commercial aquaculture system in which fish are raised in tanks.
A commercial system in which a moderate amount of capital and labor are used to catch lobsters in traps using medium-sized boats.
Location
Location
Agriculture
Development Level

Subsistence vs. Commercial Agriculture
A labor – intensive subsistence/commercial system in which fish are caught in small canoes.
Hogs
A capital – intensive, large – scale, commercial, intensive land – use, agribusiness system in which hogs are raised in feedlots with mechanized feeding, watering, and ventilation systems.
An extensive subsistence system of hunting wild boars.
A subsistence production system in which village food waste is fed to domesticated
“free-range” hogs.
A medium – scale, commercial, mixed production system in which family farmers grow corn and use some of it to feed hogs.
Location Subsistence