Do Now-With a Partner
Essential Question:
Has industrialization produced
more benefits or more
problems for the nation? 18801920
Industrial Growth:
Post Civil War- Rapid Expansion & Growth
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Kerosene
Coal
Oil
Steel
Concrete
Telegraph/telephone
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Electricity
Railroads
Steamships
Automobiles
Airplanes
Enduring Understandings:
Economic & Industrial Growth
1. Industrial/Economic growth requires the
presence of the Factors of Production including :
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
raw materials
labor force
Research & development + technology
machinery & factories
entrepreneurs
mass markets
Enduring Understandings: Economic & Industrial Growth
2. Rapid industrialization requires a rapidly
growing labor force.
3. Industrialization requires overseas resources,
markets and protection for these interests.
4. Industrialization results in consolidation of
business and the accumulation of vast wealth in
the hands of a small number of people.
1870
1900
• Immigrants--Jobs in new industries & factories, construction of
buildings, railroads and canals=OVERCROWDING in the Cities
• Nativism– The attitude and policy of favoring native born Americans over immigrants
• Led to a push to restrict immigration
• Focused on new immigrants with different language and religion
– Chinese Exclusion Act-1882-not repealed until 1943
– 1907-”Gentlemen’s Agreement” Japanese Immigration was Stopped.
Tenement houses6-7 story buildings/solid blocks of deep buildings-no
windows or ventilation in the inside rooms.
Conditions in Urban slums
– Sanitation
-horse manure filled streets/factory pollution/
No garbage removal
-thrown into ventilation shafts=rats etc..
– Water
• little or no running water
• Shared bathrooms 8-10 apts./or outhouses
• Unsafe to drink-disease
Immigrant Family Lodgings
Men’s Lodgings
Women’s Lodgings
Dumbbell Tenement Plan
Tenement House Act of 1879, NYC
• Limited water supply/crowded wooden
structures/candles/kerosene lamps=
Crime
* pickpockets/thieves/con-men/street gangs
* insufficient or corrupt police
Private settlement Houses were developed to
assist immigrants
Hull House-Jane Addams-Chicago 1893
”Bandits’ Roost”
Mullen’s Alley ”Gang”
Mulberry Street Bend, 1889
Blind Beggar, 1888
A Struggling Immigrant Family
The Other Side of the City – Jerome Mansion
The Other Side of the City – 5th Avenue
The Other Side of the City – Cornelius Vanderbilt’s Mansion
The Other Side of the City – Cornelius Vanderbilt’s Mansion
The Other Side of the City – Charles Schwab’s Mansion
The Other Side of the City – Charles Schwab’s Mansion
The Other Side of the City – Carnegie’s Mansion
The Other Side of the City – Early Luxury Apartments
The Gilded Age•
• Corruption in
government and
business at the cost
of the
citizens/workers.
• Unionization
attempts
• Strikes/scabs/immig
rants
• Labor violence
• Poverty
• Nativism
Factory
Horrible conditions
• Cold/hot
• Poor air quality
• Dangerous
machines
• No security
• No benefits
• No protection
• Low wages
• Long Hours
Social Issues
CHILD LABOR
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Exploited for low wages
Helped support their families
No education-work $
Trapped in an unskilled
workforce for a lifetime
* Significant impact on health
Cigar Makers
Shucking Oysters
Women & African Americans
struggle for Opportunity
1890s – Basement Saloon
Temperance movement
Essential Question:
What impact do corrupt
politicians have on
society?
Government & Business
The golden age of the
power of Big Business.
– Huge gap between
the wealthy and the
poor.
– Widespread abuse
of power in
government and
business.
Power of Business
Cartoon
#10 a
• Trusts- a combination of firms or business designed to form
monopoly. Consolidate & buy up smaller competitors.
• Big Business influenced politics
– Business funded politicians-lobby
– Government supported businesses over labor unions in strikes
– Bribery/Scandals
• Laissez-faire Capitalism
– Government should play a very limited role in business “HANDS OFF”
– Social Darwinism
Essential Questions:
Should anyone have a obligation
to help the suffering poor and
control the power of big
business in a nation ??
– 1877-1914: Answer now Please
Reform: Pendleton Act 1883
Patronage=the spoils system
 A Civil Service Act.
 1883  14,000 out of
117,000 federal govt.
jobs became civil
service exam positions.
 1900  100,000 out of
200,000 -exam required.
The Sherman Anti-Trust Act-1890
• Congress passed the act to end the practice of
trusts/monopolies. To restore competition.
• The act made it illegal for business firms to combine in
order to set prices and prevent competition.
– Standard Oil-John D. Rockefeller
– Andrew Carnegie-US Federal Steel
– J.P. Morgan-Consolidated the Steel & Railroad
industries/Banker and Financier-- created GE
– Beef trust, Tobacco trust, Copper Trust etc…
– The act was not strictly enforced until T. Roosevelt and
the Progressives gained power
– ROBBER BARONS or CAPTAINS of INDUSTRY ????