Organization of the Human Body
Body Systems
Body Cavities
Anatomy – the
structure of what
makes up the
body
Physiology – the
function of the
things in the body
Levels of Organization
A. Cells
B. Tissues
C. Organs
D. Organ
systems
E. Organism
A. Cells
• How many different types of cells are in
your body?
• Examples
B. Tissues
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
Examples:
Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscle
1. Epithelial - sheets of closely packed
cells that cover the surface of your body
and your organs
2. Connective tissue - holds together
and supports other tissues
Examples
•
•
•
•
Blood
Fat (adipose)
Bone
Cartilage
3. Nervous tissue - for
communication and response
• Neuron –the structural and functional units
of our nervous system
Examples
• Longest nerve in the
human body - Sciatic
nerve in legs
4. Muscle tissue – for movement
1. Skeletal - those attached to the
skeleton (voluntary)
2. Cardiac - our heart muscle
(involuntary)
3. Smooth - make up our internal organs
(involuntary)
C. Organs
• Examples
D. Organ Systems – 11 of them!
Skeletal System
• Largest bone – femur
• Smallest bone – stapes
– Size of a grain of rice
Muscular System
• Largest (SA) –
latissimus dorsi in
your back
• Longest – sartorius
across front of leg
• Smallest – stapedius
connects stapes in
sensitive middle ear
• Strongest – masseter
in jaw
You use 200 muscles
for every step you take!
E. Organism
• Example
BODY CAVITIES
I. Dorsal
• A. Cranial
• B. Spinal
II. Ventral
A.Thoracic
1. Mediastinum
2. Pleural
B. Abdominal
C. Pelvic
What’s found in the thoracic
cavity?
•
•
•
•
Heart
Lungs
Esophagus
Trachea
What’s found in the abdominal
cavity?
•
•
•
•
Stomach
Intestines
Liver
Kidneys
What’s found in the pelvic
cavity?
• Bladder
• Reproductive
organs
Regions of the Fetal Pig
•
•
•
•
Cranial
Pectoral
Pelvic
Caudal
Directional Terminology
•
•
•
•
Anterior
Posterior
Dorsal
Ventral
Exit Quiz – put notes away
• Need a half sheet of paper
• Label #1 – 5 and don’t forget your name
• Treat this like any other quiz. If you’re
looking at a neighbor’s paper, you will
receive a zero.
• Reduce temptation – cover your answers!
1. Which of these cavities is NOT located in
the ventral part of the body?
A. Thoracic
B. Abdominal
C. Cranial
D. Pelvic
2. Which of these organs is NOT found in the
abdominal cavity?
A. Stomach
B. Heart
C. Liver
D. Small intestine
3. Which of the following correctly describes
epithelial tissue?
A. Used for movement of the organism
B. Allows communication between body
parts
C. Connects various tissues in the body
D. Covers your body and organs
4. A group of cells that together perform a
particular function is called a(n)
A. Organism
B. Organ system
C. Organ
D. Tissue
5. The term that refers to the direction of the
pig where the tail is located is…
A.Ventral
B. Dorsal
C. Posterior
D. Anterior
Estimate your pig’s age
Size
Time
40 mm
54 days
80 mm
68 days
100 mm
75 days
158 mm
86 days
22 cm
26 cm
28 cm
100 days
107 days
110 days
30 cm
114 days