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8-7.2 Civil Rights Movement 1948-1968 and
8-7.3: Political Party Shift and SC Politics today
This is a Quiz Grade! You MUST answer all of the questions for full credit. Due Wednesday, April 23rd, 2014
8-7.2 Analyze the movement for civil rights in South Carolina, including the impact of the landmark court cases Elmore v. Rice
and Briggs v. Elliot; civil rights leaders Septima Poinsette Clark, Modjeska Monteith Simkins, and Matthew J. Perry; the
South Carolina school equalization effort and other resistance to school integration; peaceful efforts to integrate beginning
with colleges and demonstrations in South Carolina such as the Friendship Nine and the Orangeburg Massacre.
Name: _______________________________
EQ: How did African Americans finally achieve Civil Rights in South Carolina?
Textbook pages 296-306
8-7.3: Explain changing politics in South Carolina, including the role of Strom Thurmond, the shift from the Democratic
Party to the Republican Party, the increasing political participation of African Americans and women, and the passage of
the Education Improvement Act (EIA).
EQ: How did the ‘Solid South’ change politically during the Civil Rights movement?
Textbook pages 307-311
Unfair Treatment of African Americans From Colonial Times and On
Slide #5 (pages 59-60)
_________________________________ (____________________________________________________): After the
_____________________________________ slave codes were established to put a tight control on the rights of blacks.
1.) Cannot _________________________________________________ w/o permission or a white man present
2.) Could not _______________________________________________________________________________
3.) Could not _______________________________________________________________________________
4.) Cannot _____________________________________________________ w/o permission of the government
5.) Cannot __________________________________________________________ w/o permission
6.) Could not _______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________ (1822): Slave Revolt Plot (pages 124-125)
– _________________________________ to the old Negro Act of 1740
1.) no free black who left SC could return
2.) If anyone helped a slave revolt, he or she could be _________________________________________
?- Why did whites fear a slave revolt? ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________ Decision (1857): (page 149)
- Court’s Decision = African Americans are NOT ____________________ of the U.S. (even if born in the U.S.) and
they have no rights to sue in the Supreme Court and have NO ___________________________________.
Reconstruction Acts: The Equality Amendments
 ______th Amendment: __________________________________ after Civil War
 _______th Amendment: Granting _______________________________________________________________
o prohibits state and local governments from depriving persons of life, liberty, or property
o _____________________________________________________________________________________
 _______th Amendment: _______________________________________________________________________
 _______________________: Take away __________________________________________________________
o ________________________________
o Poll Tax
o ________________________________
o ________________________________
Rise of _________________________ Laws (pages 236-237)
 ________– Supreme Court ruled that _____________________________________________________________
 ____________________________________________________ satisfied the _____________________________
requirements for equal protection under the law.
 Case known as – _____________________________________________________________________________
Jim Crow Laws
 The laws _____________________________________________________ of African Americans.
 African Americans had to attend ________________________________ and use different facilities
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 African Americans weren’t given equal protection by the law or courts.
 African Americans were ____________________________________________________________________
Segregation
 ________________________________ (1896) was the court case which made ____________________ legal, as long
as it was equal.
 Every public place had separate sections
– African Americans could only use certain parts of state parks
– _____________________________________________________________________________________
– African Americans had to sit in the back of buses and in the _______________ of movie theaters
– African Americans _____________________________________________________________________
Fight for Equality
 The movement for Civil Rights in the U.S. was _______________________ from the colonial period on
 Even with African Americans fighting on the American side in WWII, the movement for civil rights will accelerate
with the “double V” slogan, "__________________________________________________________."
 This movement will prove successful with the help of leaders like ___________________________________, the
influence of _____________________________and important _____________________________________ like
___________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________Check Point Questions_______________________________________
1) What court case established segregation, as long as it was equal?
2) What amendment overturned Dred Scott and guarantees equality under the law for everyone?
3) What were the Jim Crow laws? Were Jim Crow legal under Plessy v. Ferguson?
4) Was segregation during the 1900’s in the US “separate but equal”?
5) Why was segregation during the 1900’s unconstitutional?
Beginning of the Civil Rights Movement
The NAACP and the Fight for Equality
 Many Civil Rights organizations fought for the fulfillment of the promises of the Declaration of Independence (13th,
14th, 15th Amendments):
– The most important was the ______________________________________________________________
– _____________________________________________________________________________________
– _____________________________________________________________________________________
Elmore vs. Rice (1947)
 The NAACP took the legal approach and brought cases to the courts that challenged the practice of
 __________________________________________________________________________________________
 Challenged the exclusion of Af. Am. voters from ___________________________________________________
 __________________________________________________________________________________________.
 The Democratic Party had won elections in SC since Reconstruction (1865-1877).
– So, the white primary was ______________________________________________________________.
_______________________________________________________________________________________.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________.
Effects of Elmore v. Rice
 __________________ (1947) – the court ruled that the ____________________________________________.
 African Americans, who continued to face white hostility, still had to overcome the intimidation but they now had the
opportunity to _________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________.
______________________________________Check Point Questions_____________________________________________
1) When the NAACP brought Elmore v. Rice to court, what did they claim was the problem?
2) Which Amendment did this violate?
3) How did this problem affect African American political participation in elections in SC? (voting)
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4) What was the result of Elmore v. Rice?
5) Why was the all-white Democratic primary unconstitutional?
Segregated Schools
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Under _______________________________, the law claims that the schools are to be “Separate but Equal;” however,
the schools were Separate but _____________ equal.
 In 1951, the state of South Carolina spent _______________________________________________________
 _________________________________________________________________________________________.
 White children were taken to school on a __________, while _________________________________________.
 ?- What differences do you notice in these pictures?________________________________________________
The Story of Briggs v. Elliot
 Parents of some African American students in Clarendon County, South Carolina requested a
 _________________________________________________________________________________________.
 Some children had to walk 18 miles to and from school each day.
o County’s ______________white children = _____ school buses
o County’s ______________ black children = _____ school buses
Parents felt that the “Separate but Equal” doctrine
should________________________________________________________________________________________.
 J.A. Delaine was the main character who taught school and was a pastor at a local church.
o Because of his actions, he lost his teaching position and his _________was _______________________.
 _______________________________________ was argued in the federal district court in Charleston by
________________________________. He was an attorney for the NAACP and later a Supreme Court Judge.
 ___________________________________________________________________________________________.
The End of Segregation
 The _________________________________was the first of five cases that went along with a bigger case on
segregation.
Brown v Board of Education
 Supreme Court ruled that ___________________________________________________________________
 ________________________________________________________________________________ (May 1954)
 The US Supreme Court also ruled that ___________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________with “all deliberate speed”.
______________________________________________Check Point ?s_______________________________________
1.) What court case was the basis for segregated schools and public facilities?
2.) What was the significance of Elliot v. Rice?
3.) What was the significance of the Briggs v. Elliott case?
4.) How did the Supreme Court rule in the Brown vs. Board of Education? What year did this happen?
5.) How do these court cases affect you today? Would your education be different? How?
Integration in SC and the Political Party Shift
The Political Party Shift
Review: Political Parties and Civil Rights
 Before the Civil War, abolitionists and ____________________ joined together to form a new political party with the
goal of _____________________________, they are called________________________________________.
 Democrat __________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________.
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Political Party Shift Begins w/ FDR
 The Democratic president _____________________________________________________________ to African
Americans, so many to move off SC farms for better _____________________in the cities of the North and West.
 Harry Truman (the president after FDR, also a Dem.) _______________________________________________.
 Truman’s actions anger SCers so much that SC Senator Strom Thurmond and other Southerners walk out of the
national Dem. Convention in 1948 and form their own party, the ______________________________________.
 ________________________________ runs for president in 1848 as a _________________________ and wins SC but
not the presidency.
 After losing the election, ____________________ and friends return to the _________________________ party.
_____________________________________Check Point Questions_________________________________________
1) Did African Americans vote Republican or Democrat in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s?
2) Did white SCers vote Democrat or Republican?
3) Who won elections in SC during the 1940’s, Democrats or Republicans? Why?
4) Why had the South voted for Democrats instead of Republicans since the Civil War?
South Carolina’s Reaction to School Integration
 SC launched a statewide effort to _____________________ by making separate Af. Am. schools
_________________________________________________.
o Trying to remain segregated under the Plessy “separate by equal” doctrine.
 Massive building program is known as the ________________________________________________________.
 Modern schools for Af. Am. students were built throughout the state.
 ________________________________________ effect = not successful in persuading the courts that
“_________________________________________________________________” should be upheld
o ___________________________ was met with widespread and sometimes violent opposition
o Causing delay after delay.
o Led by SC Governor ___________________________________________________________________.
The Southern Manifesto
 _______________________________ authored the ______________________________________________, signed
by all but 3 congressmen from the Deep South (101 in total).
o The document condemned the Brown decision for ____________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
o Encouraged resistance to desegregation, also called __________________________________________.
The ________________________________________________________________________________(1954)
 _______________________________________ fought very hard against integration.
 However, he also had created the State Development Board in 1954, whose purpose was to __________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________.
Strom Thurmond switches from Democrat to Republican
 Please read page 309-310 in your textbook.
1) What party did Strom Thurmond belong to before 1964?
2) What were Strom Thurmond’s views on segregation before the mid 1960’s?
3) Why did he switch to the Republican party in 1964?
4) How did Thurmond’s views on civil rights change after 1965?
Acts of Protest Against Segregation
 SC leaders had resisted integration and civil rights for decades, but they also had a strong desire to
__________________________________________________________________________________________
o ____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
o Did not encourage such _________________________________________________________________
 In _______________, SC began to slowly and deliberately _________________________ public facilities
 Similar actions were taken in other southern states
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By the early 1970s, there was__________________________ in most of South Carolina’s public schools.
South Carolina Begins to Integrate
 Beginning first with Clemson College followed by the University of South Carolina.
o State colleges were integrated w/o the violence which engulfed campuses in other southern states.
 This relatively peaceful _________________________________________________________ in SC was marred by
the violence of the _____________________________________________________.
_______________________________________Check Point ?’s_____________________________________________
1) How might businesses feel about moving to SC if they see violence and racism on TV?
2) Why did Strom Thurmond and other SC leaders eventually agree to integrate?
3) What was the “Southern Manifesto”?
4) What political party was Strom Thurmond a member of when he wrote this manifesto?
5) Why did Strom Thurmond form the Dixiecrat political party?
6) Why did African Americans begin to vote Democrat for the first time after WW2?
7) Why do white SCers begin to vote Republican during the 1950s and 1960s?
8) Please explain how our two political parties (Democrat and Republican) shifted and many people switched sides during the
post-WW2 era.
9) What year did Brown v. Board outlaw segregation? When did SC begin to integrate schools?
10) Why did SC leaders finally agree to integrate our schools, almost 20 years after Brown v. Board?
Civil Rights Movement in Full Swing
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In 1956, the Supreme Court ruled that people could not be told where to sit on a bus based on skin color –
__________________________________________________________________________________________
African Americans began the civil rights movement to gain the ________________________________ as whites
There were _______________________________________________________ throughout the country
o Most of the violence was concentrated in Alabama and Mississippi
States were ______________________________________________________________ in the 1950s and 1960s
President _________________________________________, a_______________________________, signed the
__________________________________________________________________________________________
o This document outlawed discrimination in __________________________________________________, and
other public places and businesses
o Guaranteed “Equal Protection of the Laws” as established in the _________________________________
o Outlawed _________________________________________________________________ and provided
additional ______________________________________for African Americans when enforced.
LBJ also signed the ________________________________________________________________________
African Americans began to have a ____________________________________________________________
In 1960, there were ____________________________________________________________________________ in
South Carolina and that number jumped to _______________________________________.
South Carolina Civil Rights Leaders
 __________________________________________________________: Public school teacher
o She sought _____________________________ for Af. Am. and white teachers along w/ the NAACP
o Left SC when state legislature passed a bill saying that public employees
____________________________________________________________________________
o Later taught at the Highlander Fold School in Tenn. where many civil rights leaders learned the strategy of
________________________________________________________________________________.
 ________________________________________________: teacher and public health worker.
o Active member of the ____________________.
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o Participated in the efforts to _____________________ teachers’ salaries and to reform the white primary
 __________________________:
- Matthew J Perry was the ____________________________________________________ at South Carolina State to pass the
bar exam. As a civil rights lawyer, Perry was instrumental in bringing cases in South Carolina to ________________________.
Fought for adoption of single-member districts in SC’s House of Representatives
- Making it possible for ____________________________________________________________
Later served as ____________________ Af. Am. ____________________________________________________
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The Friendship Nine
 Students at Friendship College who introduced a ________________________ to the movement in the early 1960s
 While planning a ____________ at a Rock Hill lunch counter, the students decided that if __________________,
they would ______________________________________________________ but would serve out their sentence.
 Other protesters across the country adopted the “__________________________________________” tactic and
served out their jail sentences.
o Straining the local prison system and ___________________________________________________.
Orangeburg Massacre
 February 8, ___________________
 Black students from S.C. State College ________________________________________________________
 Highway Patrol shot into an ____________mob; ________________________________
 The officers were _____________________________ but a wounded student was _________________________
__________________________________b/c of his activity at the bowling alley several nights b/f the shooting.
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
 “We must use the weapon of ____________…We must have compassion and understanding for those who hate us.”
 He encouraged people to use the strategy of ____________________________________________________ to achieve civil rights.
 Became the major leader of the African-American struggle for equality.
 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. The
national __________________ paid little _____________________________ to the events in ______________________________________
because it was __________________________ by the tragic murder of this incredible man.
 Why do you think the strategy of nonviolent resistance was so effective in helping African Americans achieve
civil rights?_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________Check Point Questions__________________________________________
1) What two important documents did Democrat Lyndon B. Johnson sign that were big step forward for Civil Rights?
2) How did these Democratic president’s actions affect the political party shift that had begun with FDR?
3) Please list st least one accomplishment for each of the following SC civil rights leaders:
Septima Poinsette ClarkModjeska Monteith SimkinsMatthew J. Perry4) What strategy did the Friendship Nine use, and why did it work so well?
5) What happened at the Orangeburg Massacre? Why were people around the country upset about this?
6) Why did people stop paying attention to the Orangeburg Massacre?
Quizlet Test!
Now, please go to Quizlet.com and search for “Lila Mathena SC History”. Click on our class and select ‘8-7’.
Reread your notes and study the terms.
 Then, click on ‘test’ and select ‘multiple-choice’ and ‘matching’ on the righthand side. You must do at
least 25 questions.
 You may keep trying on the test if you want to raise your grade. Due by the end of class Wednesday.
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