Male and Female Reproductive
Systems.
By Sammy Newbold.
FHS 2400
The Reproductive system unit
objectives
• Be able to identify and define components of
the male and female reproductive systems.
• Understand disorders and disease of the
reproductive systems.
Discussion questions before the unit
lesson
• What are the reproductive systems functions?
• What are Gonads and gametes?
• Creation of offspring
• Produces hormones
• Metabolic and physiological process.
Gonads are the organs that produce the sex cells or
gametes. For men it is the Testes and for woman it
is the ovaries.
Gametes or also know as the sex cells, are produced
in the gonads. The gametes for men is sperm and
the egg for woman.
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Penis
Testes
Epididymis
Ductus deferens
Seminal vesicles
Ejaculatory duct
Prostate gland
• Urethra
• Bulbourethral gland
• scrotum
Functions and Components of the
Penis
• The function of the penis is to conduct urine
outside the body and to introduce sperm into the
vagina
• The penis is the largest organ in the male
reproductive system.
• The penis surrounds the urethra and consist of
three different parts.
– Body
– Glans penis
– Root of penis
The body
• The body of the penis is
composed of three different
masses of tissue. Each are
bonded together by fibrous
tissue.
– The Corpus Cavernosum
penis is the two most dorsal
and lateral masses of the
penis.
– The Corpus Spongiosum
penis is the smaller, mid
ventral mass of the penis,
which the urethra passes
through.
The root of the penis
• Portion of the penis
attached to the pelvic
area
Glans penis
• Is located at the distal
end of corpus
Spongiosum, separated
by a marginal area call
the corona. It is covered
by the loose skin called
fore skin
• Testis
– Function is to produce sperm in the seminiferous
tubes and produce male hormone testosterone.
• Epididymis
– Sight of sperm maturation
– Almond shaped, lies posterior to testis and consist
of tightly packed ducts called seminiferous tubules
• Ductus deferens or vas deferens
– Passage for sperm from epididymis to urethra
– Long duct that connects the epididymis to
ejaculatory duct
• Seminal vesicles
– Tubular glands found posterior of bladder.
– Unites with vas deference to form ejaculatory duct.
– Produce alkaline fluid and is 60% of semen
• Ejaculatory duct
– Posterior to bladder
– Ejects sperm into prostatic urethra
• Prostate gland
– Inferior to bladder and surrounded by urethra
– Secrets fluid rich in citric acid, prostatic acid, phosphate.
– Is 30% of semen
• Urethra
– Located at base of bladder and goes through the penis.
– Serves as passage way of urine and spermatozoa
• Bulbourethral or Cowper’s gland
– Inferior to prostate gland.
– Secrets alkaline substance to neutralize acids in vagina
and urethra.
– First fluid released during sexual stimulation
• Scrotum
– Sac that holds testis
– composed of skin, superficial fascia and skeletal muscle.
Semen or seminal fluid
• Mixture of sperm, and secretions from
prostate gland and Cowper's gland.
• Average volume is 2.5-5 mm of fluid
• 50-150 million sperm per mm of semen
The male hormone testosterone
functions
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Controls growth and development
Maintenance of the sex organs
Stimulate bone growth
Stimulate protein anabolism
Responsible for closure of epiphyseal plate.
Influences sexual behavior
Supports final maturation of sperm
Stimulates development of secondary mad sex
characteristics
Male problem’s and things that just
happen.
• Nocturnal emissions: involuntary ejaculation during
sleep (wet dreams)
• Enlarged prostate: inflammation of prostate, usually
from an infection.
• Prostate cancer: most frequently diagnosed cancer and
2nd leading cause of cancer death
• Testicular cancer: 1-2% of all cancers that occurs in
males.
• Anabolic steroids: A group of steroids that promote
storage of proteins and growth of tissues.
• sterility: The inability to fertilize the ovum.
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Vagina
Vulva
Mons pubis
labia majora
Labia minora
Clitoris
prepuce
Vestibule
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Ovaries
Uterus
Fallopian tubes
Cervix
perineum
The Vagina
• Tubular, fibro muscular organ lined with
mucus membranes.
• Functions
– The vagina is the passage way for spermatozoa
and menstrual flow
– The lower part of the birth canal
– Receptacle for penis during intercourse
Functional features of the vagina
• The vagina has three functional features.
– The fornix: the proximal area that surrounds the
vaginal attachment of cervix.
– The Rugae: Transverse folds in the vagina
– The Hymen: a thin fold of vascular mucus
membrane, forms boarder around vaginal orifice
partially closing it.
• Vulva: external
genitalia
• Mons Pubis: a mound
of adipose tissue and
pubic hair over the
pubic bone.
• Labia Majora: the
outer lips of the vulva.
• Labia Minora: The
inner lips of the vulva,
one on each side of
the vaginal opening.
• Vestibule: Area of the vulva inside
the labia minora.
• Clitoris: Small cylindrical mass of
nerves and erectile tissue.
• Prepuce or Clitoral hood: The
foreskin or fold of skin over the
clitoris.
• Ovaries: female Gonads,
almond shaped. Produce
the female sex cells and
hormones.
• Fallopian tubes: Two
tubes, extending from the
sides of the uterus, in
which the egg and sperm
travel.
• Perineum: The area
between the vagina and
anus.
The uterus
• Pear shaped organ inside the female pelvis,
sectioned into three sections.
– Fundus: superior dome, openings above the
opening to the fallopian tubes.
– Body: major tapering, central portion of uterus.
– Cervix: narrow thick muscular area that opens into
the vagina.
Layers of the Uterus
• Perimetrium: otter
most layer of uterus
which provides a small
amount of protection to
the uterus
• Myometrium: middle,
smooth muscle layer.
The majority of uterus
is made of
myometrium.
• Endometrium: inner
layer, layer that is shed
during menstruation.
Menopause
• Menstrual cycle becomes less frequent.
• Ovaries fail to respond to FHS and LH hormones
• Physical atrophy of ovaries, fallopian tubes,
uterus, vagina and external genitals
• Increase of osteoporosis
• Increase for cardiovascular diseases
• Symptoms include: hot flashes, weight gain and
depression.
Female reproduction disorders
• Ovarian Cysts: fluid filled sacs that form on the
ovaries.
• Yeast infections: A fungal infection that causes
itching and a thick smell discharge.
• Female infertility: The inability to become
pregnant.
• Endometriosis: The presence of tissue that
normally grows inside the uterus in an abnormal
anatomical location. If gone untreated it can
cause infertility.