High temperature materials for energy generation Yasser Gowayed Department of Polymer & Fiber Engineering gowayed@auburn.edu November 2014 Temperature requirements for turbine engines Pratt & Whitney: Public Domain as defined by ITAR 22 C.F.R. Chapter I, Subchapter M, Part 120.11 Temperature requirements for nuclear reactors S. R. Greene, et al., ORNL/TM-2010/199 Benefits of high temperature • Turbine engines • Less cooling requirements • Improved efficiency • Reduced fuel burn and emissions • Higher speed • Reduced weight • High power density (high temperature and pressure) • Nuclear reactors • Superior economics • Limit severe accidents • Higher thermal efficiency and process heat • Better non-proliferation and waste characteristics Ceramic matrix composites Wadley, et al., 2013 Current activities in industry GE aviation built two facilities in DE and NC (opened last month) to embed ceramic composites in CFM’s LEAP turbofan engines: 2016 for the Airbus A320neo 2017 for the Boeing 737max http://www.geglobalresearch.com/innovation/ceramic-matrix-composites-improve-engine-efficiency http:// phys.org Long research experience at AU • Fiber architecture • Microstructural analysis • Porosity • Processing parameters • NDE • Thermal diffusivity • Acoustic Emission • Microwave • CT and mCT • Mechanical and Thermal • Damage • • • • • • • Yasser Gowayed November 2014 Micro-level stresses Crack initiation Damage progression Effect of porosity Oxidation Fatigue Creep Yasser Gowayed and Larry Barowski Challenges • Manufacturing • • • • • • • Large parts Joining Porosity Cracks Environmental barrier coatings Cost Production speed • Materials • • • • • • Hybrid materials Interface compatibility Effect of radiation Corrosion, oxidation Fatigue, creep Hermiticity Yasser Gowayed November 2014 • Mass production • • • • • • Production flow Human interface Impact on environment Waste Time constraints Automation • Business and life • • • • • Economics Ethics Effect of speed Noise levels safety Current sources of research funding Government agencies Aerospace industry Yasser Gowayed November 2014 Multidisciplinary research group at AU • College of Engineering • • • • • • Polymer and Fiber Mechanical Materials Industrial Chemical Aerospace • College of Business • School of Industrial + Graphic Design • College of Science and Math • College of Liberal arts • • Economics Philosophy • • • Chemistry & Biochemistry Mathematics & Statistics Physics • School of kinesiology