Agenda
 Bell Ringer (10 mins)
 Homework (10 mins)
 Reading Buddhism & Hinduism
 Compare & Contrasting Religion Chart
 Video (Mauryan Empire)
 Go Home Reading Mauyan & Gupta
Study Guide Review
Strong seasonal wind storm
2. Helps to bring the wet & dry seasons for the crops
to grow.
3. Mtns: Himalyas, Hindu Kush-Kybher Pass
Rivers: Indus and Ghanges
4. Mountains protected the Indus Valley from
invaders & kept it isolates
5. Bottom of the caste system. The unworthy
6. Caste system
7. Pariahs
1.
21. Indo-Aryan Society
BrahminsPriests
Kshatriyas- rulers
and warriors
Vaisyas- Farmers,
craftsmen, and traders
(merchants)
Sudras- Laborers and non-Aryans
Pariahs or Untouchables- outcasts
of society, considered unclean
Study Guide Review
24. Social Hierarchy or Social Class system
25. Invaders from central Asia who brought the caste
system]
a. Khyber Pass
25. Caste System
26. Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro
Religions
Buddhism
Hinduism
 Founder
 Founder or God
 Location it started
 Location it started
 Where and how did it
 Where and how did it
spread
 Important Philosophy
spread
 Important Philosophy
 Dharma
 Karma



Ex. Four Noble truths
Eight Fold Path
Nirvana
Religions
Write in a different color for each religion.
Compare
Contrast
Ancient India
HARAPPA, THE ARYANS, AND THE CASTE
SYSTEM
Match:
MESOPOTAMIA
HUANG
EGYPT
MEDITERRANEAN SEA
KUSH / NUBIANS
UPPER NILE
HEBREWS / JEWS
JORDAN
PHOENICIANS
EUPHRATES
CHINA
NILE DELTA
INDIA
TIGRIS
INDUS
Review:
Why did people build there?
What are the advantages of a
river valley?
1. Protection
2.Good soil for growing crops
Sequence
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Nomads
Oral Language
Farming villages
Written Language
Cities
Waterfall Foldable
 Layer each sheet of paper on top of each other with
an half inch layer
 Fold over to create 8 flaps
 Label the flaps
1. Indus River Valley Civilization ~2500 B.C.E-1500
B.C.E
2. Key Vocabulary
3. Patterns of Civilization
4. Caste System
5. Nomads
Cities
6. Geography (Map of Indus River Valley)
7. Dynasties: Mauryan vs. Gupta
8. Religions: Buddhism & Hinduism
Patterns of Civilization
Political
Social
Economic
Caste System
 Top of the Flap
 Facts
 Definition
Key Vocabulary
 Citadel
 Gupta
 Harappa
 Mohjendo-Daro
 Caste system
 Sanskrit
 Vedas
 Mauryan
 Brahmin
 Hinduism
Patterns of Civilization
Political Pattern
Social Pattern
Economic Pattern
Strong Government
involvement in City planning
• Grid street mapping
• Brick cities
• Public sewer system
• Citadels
Religion
Polytheistic
• Ancient religion
• Vedas
• Hinduism
• Buddhism
• Traded with people in the
region of Mesopotamia
between the Tigris &
Euphrates
Major Ancient (1st) Cities
Class System
• Traded
• Harappa
• Mohjendo-Daro
Leaders
•
•
•
Indo-Aryans
Gupta Empire
Ahsoka & the Mauryan Empire
• Caste System
Language
Pictogram-No Key
Sanskrit
Cotton
Wheat
Barley
Rice
Cattle (sheep, pigs,
goats)
Harappan Civilization
 one of the earliest civs.to form in the Indus River
Valley (c. 2600 and 2500 BCE)

often referred to as the Harappa Civilization

b/c most of the evidence of the civ. comes from the arch. site
Harappa.
Harappan Civilization
 2 major cities
 Harappa
 Mohenjo-Daro (Mound of the Dead)
 Both carefully planned w/:
 Streets at right angles (forms blocks, grid pattern)
 Water systems (public restrooms and brick sewers)
 Citadels

Strong central fortresses in the middle of the city.
 City planning implies there was a strong cent. gov’t
present in the civ.
These early Indians were sometimes
called “Indus”, after the river where they
lived, or “Harappan”, after their most
famous city.
Harappan Civilization
 Economy
 Agriculture based, produced:
Cotton
 Wheat
 Barley
 Rice
 Cattle (sheep, pigs, goats)


Harappans traded with people as far
away as the Tigris-Euphrates River
Valley and parts of southern Indian.
Harappan Civilization
 Mysteries

Language
India’s first written language
was developed
 still not deciphered (figured
out)


Religion
No temples, shrines, or
religious writings have been
found.
 evidence suggests worship of
a mother goddess and great
god. (POLYTHEISTIC!)


Fall of the Civilization
Not sure exactly why the civ.
disappeared.
 Could be from invaders or
natural disasters
 Ended in the 1700’s BCE

Here is what the city of Harappa may have
looked like.
The city of Mohenjo Daro
They had streets … just like
a modern city
And city blocks … just like
a modern city.
They had
sewers to
keep
their
cities
clean too!
… meanwhile, in Europe,
many of our ancestors were
still living in crude huts!
The people of the Indus valley
could write too, but we don’t
know how to read their writing!
Maybe one day you will be the one
who “cracks the code”
The Indo-Aryans
 Arrived in India in the
2000’s BCE


Probably came through
the Khyber Pass
Originally from the area
around the Caspian Sea in
Western Asia
Nomads to Cities
Development of Civilization
Nomads to Civilization
Nomad-Came through the KYBHER
Pass
Settled near River Valleys
Farming
Written language
Harrappa
• Developed farming villages in
the Indus River Valley
• Pictograms
• Polytheistic
Cities
Mohenjo-Daro
“Mound of the Dead”
Brick Cities
Public sewer system
Indo-Arayans
•
•
•
•
•
Vedic Age (1500 BCE to 500 BCE)
Origins of Hinduism
Developed the Caste System
Developed Sanskrit writing
Skilled metal workers and warriors
Indo Aryans
 Nomads
 Cattle Herders (mainly sheep)
 Also skilled warriors
 Horse drawn chariots made them
a even more formidable force to
recon with. (Remember the
Hyksos?)
 With advanced weapons and
skills they were able to
conquer northern India
Indo-Aryans: The Vedic Age
 The Period of Aryan
domination in India is
known as the Vedic Age
(1500 BCE to 500 BCE)
 It is named after the
Aryan religious books
called the Vedas.


Written (originally only
spoken) in Sanskrit
Source of most of the
information we have
about the Aryan society.
Indo-Aryans
 Religion




Gods drawn from nature
No temples
Meat and dairy offered as
ritual sacrifices
Had special priests called
Brahmins

They preformed religious
ceremonies.
 Forms the base for the
religion of Hinduism
Indo-Aryans
 During the Vedic Age the
foundations for Hinduism
were established
 The social structure of the
Aryan peoples had a long
lasting effect of the people
of India

Problems with discrimination
based on the caste system still
exist today, even though the
system has been outlawed.
Hinduism is one of the FIVE major
religions of the world.
Hindus believe in Reincarnation
“Just as a man discards worn out
clothes and puts on new clothes,
the soul discards worn out bodies
and wears new ones.”
Hindus believe in Karma
“If you do good things, good
things will happen to you — if
you do bad things, bad things
will happen to you.”
If you are a jerk in this life …
… you might pay for it in the next life.
Hindus believe in One God,
with many forms.
Religion: Hinduism
 Hindu
 Location: India
 Brahma: One god in many forms
Type of Religious belief: Monism
1 in many forms
 Beliefs:

Reincarnation: Die and comeback



Circle of life
Karma: You get back what you give
Moksha: Enlightenment
 Holy Book

Vedas & Upanishads
Buddhism
 Founder: Siddhartha Gautama
 Started in India spread throughout Asia
 Beliefs
 Reincarnation
 Four Noble Truths
 8 Fold Path
Buddhism
Buddhism is one of the FIVE major
religions of the world.
A Hindu prince, Siddhartha Gautama, is
born in India. It is his destiny to become a
great leader one day … so his father, the
king, makes sure that the prince has the
best of everything.
The king makes sure that Siddhartha has
the best of everything!
But then, one day, Siddhartha goes
beyond the walls of his palace and sees
suffering for the first time!
?
old man, a sick man, a dead man and a monk
Prince Siddhartha realizes that, sooner or
later, he will grow old, get sick , and die …
so all his wealth doesn’t really mean
anything!
So he gives up everything and goes out to
seek the meaning of life.
He sits under the bodhi tree, until he
achieves “enlightenment”, becoming “the
Buddha” (“The Enlightened One”).
Four Noble Truths:
Eightfold Path to Enlightenment
Unlike Hinduism, Buddhism is very simple.
Unlike Hinduism, Buddhism teaches that
anyone can achieve enlightenment
(“Nirvana”) and eternal happiness.
Unlike Hinduism, Buddhism teaches that
people can achieve Nirvana in this lifetime.
Who do you think liked the ideas
of Buddhism best?
Buddhist monk
Buddhist nun
Indian King Asoka Maurya and his
missionaries spread Buddhism
from India to China and other parts
of Asia.
Ahsoka’s Mauryan Empire also …
Unified
India
Built
veterinary
clinics
Free
hospitals
Ahsoka’s Mauryan Empire also …
Built roads
Images of India Today