APUSH – April 27

Objectives:
To review the major US wars
 To review the major British Acts propelling the Colonists
towards the Revolutionary War
 To review the antebellum period prior to the Civil War
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
Homework:


Study
Agenda:
Wars
 Acts
 Antebellum period

AMERICAN CONFLICTS
Focus on Mexican/American War
Wars
Dates
Conflict
Combatants
July 4, 1675 August 12, 1676
King Philip's War
New England Colonies vs.
Wampanoag, Narragansett,
and Nipmuck Indians
1689-1697
King William's War
The English Colonies vs.
France
1702-1713
Queen Anne's War War of
Spanish Succession)
The English Colonies vs.
France
1744-1748
King George's War (War of
Austrian Succession)
The French Colonies vs.
Great Britain
1756-1763
French and Indian War
(Seven Years War)
The French Colonies vs.
Great Britain
1759-1761
Cherokee War
English Colonists vs.
Cherokee Indians
1775-1783
American Revolution
English Colonists vs. Great
Britain
1798-1800
Franco-American Naval War
United States vs. France
Wars
Dates
Conflict
Combatants
1801-1805; 1815
Barbary Wars
United States vs. Morocco,
Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli
1812-1815
War of 1812
United States vs Great Britain
1813-1814
Creek War
United States vs Creek Indians
1836
War of Texas Independence
Texas vs. Mexico
1846-1848
Mexican-American War
United States vs. Mexico
1861-1865
U.S. Civil War
Union vs. Confederacy
1898
Spanish-American War
United States
World War I
Triple Alliance: Germany, Italy,
and Austria-Hungary vs. Triple
Entente: Britain, France, and
Russia. The United States joined
on the side of the Triple Entente
in 1917.
1914-1918
Wars
Dates
Conflict
Combatants
World War II
Axis Powers: Germany, Italy,
Japan vs. Major Allied
Powers: United States, Great
Britain, France, and Russia
1950-1953
Korean War
United States (as part of the
United Nations) and South
Korea vs. North Korea and
Communist China
1960-1975
Vietnam War
United States and South
Vietnam vs. North Vietnam
1961
Bay of Pigs Invasion
United States vs. Cuba
1983
Grenada
United States Intervention
1939-1945
1989
1990-1991
US Invasion of Panama
Persian Gulf War
United States vs. Panama
United States and Coalition
Forces vs. Iraq
Wars
1995-1996
2001
2003
2011
Intervention in Bosnia and
Herzegovina
Invasion of Afghanistan
United States as part of
NATO acted peacekeepers
in former Yugoslavia
United States and Coalition
Forces vs. the Taliban regime
in Afghanistan to fight
terrorism.
Invasion of Iraq
United States and Coalition
Forces vs. Iraq
Supported Freedom
Fighters
Supported Egypt, Libya,
and other countries as
citizens attempted to
overthrow governments and
increase freedoms
Mexican American War




In 1836 Texas won their independence from Mexico
(War for Texas Independence)
In 1845, with the election of Polk, the US annexed
Texas and moved them towards statehood.
Mexico was not pleased, disputed the southern border
of Texas
On April 25, 1846, a US cavalry patrol, led by
Captain Seth Thornton, was attacked by Mexican
troops. Following the “Thornton Affair,” Polk asked
Congress for a declaration of war, which was issued on
May 13.
Fighting Mexican/American War

Zachary Taylor
 Attacked
on way to reinforce Fort Texas
 Received reinforcements himself, fought off attack
 Invaded and took Monterrey, south of the Rio Grande
 Offered a two month peace where he would withdraw
from the city
 Polk not pleased
Polk Moves

Gives troops to Stephen Kearney
 Moves
to California through SW, takes Sante Fe and
eventually most of the state of California

General Scott lands outside Veracruz, takes the city
and moves inland
 Eventually

takes Mexico City
The war effectively ends
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo




Mexico cedes the lands of California, Arizona,
Nevada, Utah, and parts of New Mexico, Colorado,
and Wyoming in exchange for 15 million dollars
Mexico relinquished all claims to Texas
Rio Grande is the border between US and Mexico
Mexican citizens property rights and civil rights in
the new territories would be protected and Mexican
citizens living within the territories would become
American citizens after one year
British Acts leading to the Revolution
1650-1775
Acts – specific to Mercantile System
The Act
What it said
The Purpose
US Response
The Navigation Act of
1650
All commerce
flowing to and from
the colonies could
be transported only
in British vessels (pg
123).
Aimed at rival Dutch
shippers trying to
elbow their way into
American ports.
Angry but didn’t do
much about it.
Paper money and
bankruptcy laws
Colonists were not
able to print paper
money or pass
indulgent
bankruptcy laws
Would hurt British
merchants
American welfare
was being sacrificed
for British Merchants.
Nullification laws
The crown reserved
the right to nullify
and legislation
passed by colonial
assemblies
To keep colonial laws Veto was used
from hurting the
sparingly but
mercantile system
colonists resented it’s
very existence.
Acts – Under Grenville
The Act
What it said
The Purpose
US reaction
The Sugar Act of
1764
Increased the duty
on foreign sugar
imported from the
W. Indies.
First law passed by
Parliament for
raising tax revenue
in the colonies for
the crown.
Colonists were
outraged.
Quartering Act of
1765
Required certain
colonies to provide
food and quarters
for British troops
Housing during
times of war
Colonists resented
the crown and the
troops
Stamp Act of 1765
Mandated the use
of a stamp which
certified payment
of tax.
To raise revenues to
support the new
military force
Angry about
Grenville’s fiscal
aggression. “No
taxation without
representation”
and nonimportation
agreements
Acts – under Townshend
The Act
What it said
The Purpose
US response
The Townshend Acts
1767
Import duties on
glass, white lead,
paper, paint, and
tea. Indirect
customs duty paid
at the port
To make money off
the colonies, but to
do so quietly unlike
Grenville’s acts
Colonists still upset
by the Stamp Act
were rebellious.
Tea outraged them
the most.
The Intolerable Acts - 1774
The Act
What it said
The purpose
US response
Boston Port Act
Closed Boston
Harbor until
damages were paid
and order ensued.
To get money for all Anger the
damages/product
lost during the
Boston Tea Party
Restrictions placed
on town meetings
To move colonies
away from self
government
Anger -
Officials who killed
colonists were sent
to Britain for trial
Chastise colonists
into behaving
Colonists thought
that those officials
would get off scotfree
New Quartering Act Gave local
authorities to
quarter British
troops anywhere.
To anger the
colonists and
provide housing for
soldiers during
conflict
Bostonians were
especially angry
Acts
The Act
What it said
Its purpose
US response
The Quebec Act of
1774
Guaranteed French
(Canadians)
Catholic religion,
permitted to retain
customs (not rep
assemblies or trial
by jury), Quebec
boundaries pushed
south to Ohio River.
To deal with the
60k French subjects
in Canada (post 7
yrs war).
Colonists saw it as a
dangerous
precedent (lack of
assembly and
juries). Alarmed
land speculators
and aroused AntiCatholics.
Antebellum America
Post Revolutionary War – Civil War
Basic Elements of Antebellum America
North



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Early Emancipation
Industrialization
Politics
Issue of Slavery
Second Great Awakening

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

South
Religions
Utopian Society
Women’s reform
Westward expansion





Agrarian based
Lacked transportation
Cotton is king
Societal structure
Laws regarding slavery
Constitution
 Fugitive Slave Act 1783
and 1850

Forging a national economy *North

Westward expansion
 Frontier
life was crude
 Frontiers men called on neighbors and government for
help

Population
 Growing
 Urban
 High
immensely
areas
birth rate and immigration
 Anti-Foreignism
Forging A National Economy

Creeping Mechanization – North

British inventors created machines for mass production of
textiles

Ushered in modern factory systems
Many people to consume goods
 Samuel Slater – father of the factory system



First factory – Rhode Island
Whitney Ends the Fiber Famine – South

Cotton gin
Cotton became highly profitable
 South became tied to cotton
 Produced Westward expansion in the South

Forging a National Economy

Western Farmers Reap a Revolution in the fields
 Farms
changed the face of the West
 Grew
grain
 Produce floated down Ohio and Mississippi Rivers
 Inventions helped speed up farming


Plows, mechanical mower-reaper
Highways and Steamboats
 Raw materials needed to be transported
North  Lancaster turnpike in Pennsylvania
and
West  Cumberland Road
South
 Steamboats
and
North
to factories
Forging a National Economy
 Railroads
 Defied
terrain and
weather
 Many lines built post
1850
Forging a National Economy

Transportation web binds the union

Connected the West to the East


More specifically in the North
Regions were specialized
South – Cotton for export to NE and England
 West – Grain for livestock and workers in the East and Europe
 East – made machines and textiles for the West and South


Political and Military implications

Mississippi River connected the South


Overlooked the fact that many other forms connected the North and
West
The interdependent economy would prove problematic
South and the Slavery Controversy

Cotton is King
 North
and South depended on Cotton to make money
 1/2
the value of all exports post 1840
 Produced half the world supply of cotton


Britain was aware of this
Planter Aristocracy
 Educated
kids in schools in the north or abroad
 Undemocratic
 Feudal
Society
Southern Society (1850)
6,000,000
“Slavocracy”
[plantation owners]
The “Plain Folk”
[white yeoman farmers]
Black Freemen
250,000
Black Slaves
3,200,000
Total US Population  23,000,000
[9,250,000 in the South = 40%]
South and the Slavery Controversy

Plantation agriculture
 Land
butchery
 Heavy population leakage to the West and Northwest
 Monopolistic
 Big
got bigger
 Financially
unstable
 Overspeculation
of land and slaves
 One crop economy
 North grew fat at the South’s expense
 Repelled
immigrants
The South and the Slavery Controversy

Early Abolitionism
 Inhumanity
of the “peculiar institution” gradually caused
anti-slavery societies to sprout forth
 Quakers
 American
 Slave
 By
Colonization Society
culture
1860s most Africans were born in America
 1830s
the abolitionist movement took off
 Britain
released slaves in the West Indies
 The Second Great Awakening
 Uncle Tom’s Cabin
The South and the Slavery Controversy

Radical Abolitionism
 William
 The
Lloyd Garrison
Liberator
 Wendell
Phillips
 “Abolition’s
 David
golden trumpet”
Walker
 Appeal
to the Colored Citizens of the World
 Sojourner
Truth
 Frederick Douglass
 Narrative
of the Life of Frederick Douglass
The South and the Slavery Controversy

The South Lashes Back
 In
the 1820s antislavery societies were more numerous
in the South
 After
1830 this stopped
 Turner’s
Rebellion
 Nullification Crisis
 Arguments for slavery
 Widened
 Free
issue between North and South
people and Free speech
The South and the Slavery Controversy

Abolitionist Impact in the North

Many were unpopular in the North



Constitution was revered
North had heavy stake in the South
By the 1850s the movement gained steam in the North

Didn’t want to abolish the peculiar institution outright


Free Soilers
Manifest Destiny


Controversy over slavery in new territories
Sectional Balance


Missouri Compromise
Compromise of 1850


Bloodhound bill
Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854

Popular sovereignty