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AIM: To determine properties of
matter and how it changes
1
Physical properties are
characteristics that can be
observed or measured without
changing the identity of the
matter.
Examples of physical properties :
color, size, texture, shape, odor,
hardness, density, magnetism,
luster, phase (solid, liquid, or
gas), and melting, freezing and
boiling point.
Describe the physical
properties of a raw egg.
Clear egg white, round yellow
yolk, fluid…
A Physical change is a
change that does not produce
a new substance or change
the chemical composition of
a substance.
Ex. Crumbling or tearing paper
Physical changes:
Evaporation of water
Boiling of water
Condensation forming
Melting
Freezing
What are some physical
properties?
What is luster?
What is hardness?
Physical Property or change?
Pen has blue ink ?
Glass breaking?
Metal is shiny?
Water steams in teapot
Which Property or change?
Sandpaper is rough & bumpy ?
Water droplets form on
mirror after hot shower?
Icecream melts ?
Sugar dissolves in water?
Recall the physical properties
of a raw egg. What happens to
the physical properties of an egg
when you cook it?
A chemical change is a
change that produces a new
substance and may release
thermal (heat) energy, light,
or electricity.
Ex. Corrosion, Burning,
rusting, & digesting
Metal (Silver spoon)
corrodes or tarnishes when
oxidized.
Leaf changes color
is a chemical
change.
Chlorophyll loses
green color and
other colors show
through
Bleach spills
on jeans and
changes the
color.
Some chemical properties
would include flammability,
reacts with an acid, ability
to neutralize an acid,
supports combustion.
Helium balloon explodes by
flame
HCl on
limestone
produces
Carbondioxide fizz
Wood burns to ashes as
oxygen supports
combustion.
Is this a physical or chemical
change?
Physical and Chemical
Burning a candle
Breaking a rock in two
Digesting food into nutrients
Flattening clay
Is this a physical or chemical
property?
hardness
flammability
Melting point
Reacting with acid to form H2
Is this a physical or chemical
change?
Ice melting
milk souring
Sugar dissolved in water
Burning gasoline for fuel
What is an element?
It is the simplest substance
that can not be broken down
further. It is made of one
type of atom
What is a compound?
It is made of 2 or more
elements chemically
combined in a specific ratio.
Would this represent an
element or a compound?
A.
B.
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Matter can change physically
It however will remain the same
substance, but in a different form.
Examples: melting, freezing, boiling
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solid turns to liquid
absorbs heat energy as atoms
speed up

ex. Ice melts at 0°Celsius
liquid turns to solid
releases heat energy as atoms
slow down

ex. Water freezes at 0°Celsius
Change of state from liquid to a gas

Boiling
occurs at a liquids
boiling point and
occurs throughout
the liquid.
Ex. Water boils at
100 ° C
Evaporation
water evaporates
slowly from the
surface of the
liquid.
Ex. Water absorbs energy from
your skin, you feel cooler
Process of changing a solid to a
gas directly without the liquid
stage.
Absorbs heat as
atoms increase
speed.
 Ex:
Dry ice
(frozen CO2)
sublimes
Process of changing
a gas to a liquid.
Releases heat as
atoms slow down.
 Example: water
condenses on
mirror when
taking a hot shower.
Phase Diagram
D E
B
A
C
Exothermic reactionchemical reaction in which
energy is released or
removed. Cold reaction
Endothermic reactionchemical reaction in which
energy is absorbed. Hot Rx.