Introduction to
Cloud Computing
Dr. Hanem El-Sheikh
honymora@yahoo.com
The Back Story
From
ground to
cloud
Internal Storage
• Content is stored on THAT computer
• To use content must return to THAT computer
• Cannot access this content from another
device or computer
Programs
• Purchase programs.
• Load to the computer.
• Each computer would need the program
loaded and stored on the internal drive .
External Storage




Allows your content to become mobile.
Save to the storage device.
Take device to any compatible computer.
Open and use content.
CD/DVD
Thumb Drive
SD Card
External Hard Drive
Micro SD Card
Networked Storage
• Multiple work stations talk to one unit that stores
information and data.
• Data is not saved to the C: drive, but to a network
drive.
• Can retrieve the data stored to the network from any
of the connected workstations.
The Traditional Server Concept
Web Server
App Server
DB Server
EMail
Windows
Linux
Linux
Windows
IIS
Glassfish
MySQL
Exchange
The Traditional Server Concept
• System Administrators often talk about servers as a
whole unit that includes the hardware, the OS, the
storage, and the applications.
• Servers are often referred to by their function i.e. the
Exchange server, the SQL server, the File server,
etc.
• If the File server fills up, or the Exchange server
becomes overtaxed, then the System Administrators
must add in a new server.
The Traditional Server Concept
• Unless there are multiple servers, if a service
experiences a hardware failure, then the service
is down.
• System Admins. can implement clusters of
servers to make them more fault tolerant.
However, even clusters have limits on their
scalability, and not all applications work in a
clustered environment.
And if something goes wrong ...
Web Server
App Server
DB Server
EMail
Windows
DOWN!
Linux
Windows
MySQL
Exchange
IIS
The Virtual Server Concept
Virtual servers seek to encapsulate the server software away from the hardware.
-This includes the OS, the applications, and the storage for that server.
Hypervisor layer between Guest OS and hardware
• Virtualization:
– The ability to run multiple operating systems
on a single physical system and share the
underlying hardware resources.
Virtualization
• Virtual workspaces:
– An abstraction of an execution environment that can be made
dynamically available to authorized clients by using well-defined
protocols,
– Resource quota (e.g. CPU, memory share),
– Software configuration (e.g. O/S, provided services).
• Implement on Virtual Machines (VMs):
– Abstraction of a physical host machine,
– Hypervisor intercepts and emulates instructions from VMs, and allows
management of VMs,
App
App
App
– VMWare, Xen, etc.
OS
OS
OS
• Provide infrastructure API:
– Plug-ins to hardware/support structures
Hypervisor
Hardware
Virtualized Stack
Hypervisor - Software that controls the layer between the hardware
operating systems.
It allows multiple operating systems to run on the same physical
hardware.
There are two types of hypervisors:
Bare metal: which allows the hypervisor to run directly on the
hardware.
hosted architecture: in which the hypervisor runs on top of an existing
operating system.
The Virtual Server Concept
• Virtual servers seek to encapsulate the server software away from the hardware.
-This includes the OS, the applications, and the storage for that server.
•
Virtual servers can still be referred to by their function i.e. email server, database
server, etc.
•
A computer on which a hypervisor is running one or more virtual machines is
defined as a host machine.
•
A hypervisor is a piece of computer software, firmware or hardware that creates
and runs virtual machines.
•
Each virtual machine has a guest operating systems, which is managed by
the hypervisor.
•
If the environment is built correctly, virtual servers will not be affected by the loss
of a host.
•
Hosts may be removed and introduced almost at will to accommodate
maintenance.
Welcome
to the
New World
of
Cloud
Computing
Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing : The migration of computing services provided
by on-premises datacenters to remote systems located on the
Internet.
•The customer is charged only for resources consumed (pay as used
and on demand).
•It is an internet based service delivery model which provides internet
based services, computing and storage for users in all markets
including financial, health care and government.
•Cloud computing is defined as dynamically scalable computing
resources that are available over the Internet.
Clients can:
•Put their data on the platform instead of on their own desktop
PCs and/or on their own servers.
•They can put their applications on the cloud and use the servers
within the cloud to do processing and data manipulations etc.
The Cloud Requires
• An Internet connection
• An account - Created with a user name and a
password
• Agree to Terms
Saving documents
• When you do a “save as” on your computer, you
choose where to save the material.
Internal Storage
External Storage
Network
Cloud Storage
• Create an Account –
User name and
password
• Content lives with the
account in the cloud.
• Log onto any computer
with Wi-Fi to find your
content.
Downloads for storage
•
•
•
•
Download a cloud based app to a computer you own
The app lives on your Computer
Save files to the app
When connected to the Internet it will sync with the
cloud
• The Cloud can be accessed from any Internet
connection
Save file as
• Do “save as” to save a file to your computer and the
cloud
• The syncing folders makes data retrieval easier
• Box and DropBox require this download to work
Upload Documents
•
•
•
•
Log-in to the online storage account
Click upload a file
Find the file on hard drive, network, or external storage
Upload to cloud storage
2 GB
5 GB
5 GB
7 GB
Internet is required
• Creation is happening in the cloud
• Saving is going to the cloud
• To retrieve files, must return to the cloud
Internet capable Devices
Benefits
• Saving Large Files
• Multiple file types – Photos, videos, presentations,
docs
• Back-up of stored files
• File Sharing
• Access from devices
• Nothing to forget (thumb drive, cd)
• Project collaboration
Cloud Computing Cont’
Clouds were built for a number of reasons:
•Shared Computing.
•Shared memory.
• Shared Storage and access resources.
Cloud Providers deploy multi-tenancy to achieve efficient utilization
of resources , while decreasing cost.
From a consumers perspective, they need to use resources as much
and as far as needed while being able to increase or decrease
resources consumption based on real time basis.
Cloud Computing model meets these demands and restrictions by
delivering two key characteristics:
•Multi-tenancy
•Elasticity
Cloud Multi-tenancy Model
Multi-tenancy implies sharing of computational resources, storage,
services, and applications with other tenants, residing on same
physical or logical platform at provider’ premises.
Elasticity
NIST :National Institute of Standards and Technology
• The role of (NIST) in cloud computing is to promote the
effective and secure use of the technology within
government and industry by providing technical guidance
and promoting standards.
• NIST provides NIST's definition of cloud computing as well as
related guidance.
• This definition will serve as a foundation for NIST's upcoming
publication on cloud models, architectures, and deployment
strategies.
• NIST is responsible for accelerating the U.S. Federal
Government’s secure adoption of cloud computing.
• In order to execute this responsibility, NIST is leading a
number of efforts to develop cloud standards and guidelines,
in close consultation and collaboration with standards bodies,
the private sector, and other stakeholders.
The NIST definition of cloud computing (SP 800-145,
September 2011)
Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient,
on-demand network access to a shared pool of
configurable computing resources (e.g., networks,
servers, storage, applications, and services) that can
be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal
management effort or service provider interaction.
This cloud model promotes availability and is defined
in terms of
1) 5 essential characteristics.
2) 3 service models.
3) 4 deployment models.
The Essential Cloud Characteristics are: Five
• On-demand self-service
• Broad network access
• Resource pooling
-Location independence
• Rapid elasticity
• Measured service
The Cloud Service Models are: Three
• Software as a Service (SaaS) – Use provider’s applications over a
network
• Platform as a Service (PaaS) – Deploy customer-created
applications to a cloud
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) – Rent processing, storage,
network capacity, and other fundamental computing resources
The Cloud Deployment Models are: Four
• Private cloud: enterprise owned or leased
•Community cloud: shared infrastructure for specific
community
•Public cloud: sold to the public, mega-scale
infrastructure
• Hybrid cloud: composition of two or more cloud types
5 Essential Characteristics:
On-demand self-service: A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities,
such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring
human interaction with each service provider.
Broad network access: Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through
standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms
(e.g., mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and workstations).
Resource pooling: The provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple
consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources
dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand. There is a sense of
location independence in that the customer generally has no control or knowledge over
the exact location of the provided resources but may be able to specify location at a
higher level of abstraction (e.g., country, state, or datacenter). Examples of resources
include storage, processing, memory, and network bandwidth.
Rapid elasticity: Capabilities can be elastically provisioned and released, in some cases
automatically, to scale rapidly outward and inward commensurate with demand. To the
consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can
be appropriated in any quantity at any time.
Measured service: Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by
leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of
service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage
can be monitored, controlled, and reported, providing transparency for both the provider
and consumer of the utilized service.
Cloud Service Models
Software as a
Service (SaaS)
Platform as a
Service (PaaS)
SalesForce CRM
LotusLive
Google App
Engine
41
Adopted from: Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell, Tim Grance
Infrastructure as a
Service (IaaS)
Delivery Models
While cloud-based software services are maturing,
Cloud platform and infrastructure offering are still in their early stages !
45
From [6] Cloud Security and Privacy by Mather and Kumaraswamy
The Cloud Deployment Models
Current Leaders
Key Players in Cloud Computing Platforms (adapted from Lakshmanan (2009))
Company
Cloud Computing
Platform
Year of
Launch
Key Offering
Amazon.com
AWS (Amazon Web 2006
Services)
Infrastructure as a service (Storage
Computing), Datasets and Content
Distribution
Microsoft
Azure
2009
Application platform as a service (.Net,
SQL data services )
Google
Google App. Engine
2008
Web Application Platform as Service
Blue Cloud Force.com
2008
Proprietary 4GL Web application as an
demand platform
IBM
Salesforce.com
Library Services using Cloud
Worldcat
Mendeley
ExLibris
Research Gate
Google Scholar
Library Thing
Dropbox
Google Apps
Google Sites, Google Docs, Google Calendar, Google Chat…
Cloud Storage Comparison
Storage Service Comparison on a Annual Basis
Service
Provider
Free
First Payment tier
Second
tier
Payment
Amazon
5GB
20GB ($10)
50GB ($25)
Apple iCloud
5GB
25GB ($40)
50GB ($100)
Box
5GB
25GB ($120)
50GB ($240)
Dropbox
2GB
100GB ($100)
200GB ($200)
Google Drive
5GB
25GB ($30)
100GB ($60)
Microsoft
SkyDrive
7GB
27GB ($10)
57GB ($25)
Mega
50GB
400GB ($120)
2TB ($240)
Core Advantages

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
Cost saving: You pay for what you use
Easy on installation and maintenance
Increased storage
Highly automated
Flexibility
Better mobility
Shared resources
Back up and restoration
advantages
• Can be less expensive compared to buying
software and hardware
• Can be used from any computer or device
with an Internet connection
• The device does not need as large of an
internal storage system
• Compatible with most computers and
operating systems
• Updates occur across the service
Disadvantages

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
Data security and privacy
Network connectivity and bandwidth
Service unavailability due to power outage
Dependence on outside agencies
Limited flexibility
Cost
Knowledge and integration
Long term stability of service provider
Thank You