THE REFORMATION
The Catholic Church Changes
GENIUS HOUR
• Please work on your vocabulary words if you have
not finished them already.
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look up the definitions.
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your Renaissance Formal Assessments if you chose to
do one of the Artwork Assignments.
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you may work on other classwork or read.
WELCOME WORK
•You have 25 minutes to read the
worksheet AND answer all of the
questions.
•Please write your answers in complete
sentences and you must do the write
about it.
•#6 Protestant Reformation Worksheet
WEAKENING OF THE CATHOLIC
CHURCH: THE BREAKING OF VOWS
• By the 1300s, many people felt that
the church had become too
corrupt.
• Many priests, monks, and nuns
made vows (solemn promises) not
to marry or have children, but many
of them broke these vows.
• Church leaders behaved more like
royalty than like humble servants of
God
2.WEAKENING OF THE CHURCH:
BUYING INDULGENCES
• An indulgence was a release from
punishment for sins, in return for
good works.
• The church would sell indulgences
to people to raise money, but only
rich people were able to afford
them.
• People who received indulgences
did not have to perform good
deeds to make up for their sins and
would spend less time in purgatory.
3.WEAKENING OF THE CHURCH:
CONFLICT WITH RULERS
• The church became wealthy and
powerful.
• King Philip IV tried to tax the French
clergy. When the pope threatened to
excommunicate him, he had soldiers
kidnap the pope. Although they
released him, the pope died soon
afterward.
4. WEAKENING OF THE CHURCH: 2
OR MORE POPES
• Pope Clement V moved headquarters from Rome to the French city of
Avignon, and the next 6 popes lived there.
• Pope Gregory XI moved the papacy back to Rome in 1377. When he died,
the new pope refused to move back to France.
• French cardinals elected a rival pope. There were now two popes, and a
third one was elected by a church council. Each claimed to be the true
head of the church. This was the case for about 30 years.
5. EARLY CALLS FOR REFORM
• John Wycliffe (~1330-1384): A British
scholar who questioned the Pope’s
authority and attacked indulgences
& immoral behavior by the clergy.
• Desiderius Erasmus (1466-1536): A
humanist priest from Holland who
called for reform in the church. In
1509 he wrote The Praise of Folly
which called for a return to simple
Christian goodness.
6. MARTIN LUTHER
• A German priest who disagreed with
many Catholic beliefs, and was
especially outraged by the selling of
indulgences.
• He felt that the church was selling false
salvation to uneducated people.
7. MARTIN LUTHER
• In response, Luther posted a list of 95 theses (arguments) against indulgences and
church abuses on the church door in the town of Wittenberg. He also sent the list to
church leaders.
• Luther argued that the Bible – not the pope or church leaders – was the ultimate
source of religious authority.
• Luther was excommunicated in 1521, but then later started his own church called
the Lutheran Church. Many people followed him because they were also unhappy
with church practices.
• He also translated the Bible into German.
• This is how the Protestant Reformation began.
MARTIN LUTHER RAP
9.JOHN CALVIN (1509-1564)
• A French humanist who started a
Protestant branch in Geneva,
Switzerland.
• He believed that salvation came
only from God’s grace, and that the
“saved” were chosen by God and
lived according to strict standards
(“predestination”). There was
nothing people could do to change
their destiny. Success in business was
a sign of God’s grace.
• He influenced many other
reformers.
11.KING HENRY VIII (1491-1547)
• In 1534, King Henry VIII formed the
Church of England (Anglican Church)
with himself as its head.
• He did this because the Catholic
church would not allow him to divorce
his wife.
KING HENRY VIII
AND HIS WIVES
• Henry was born on 15 June 1491. His
brother Arthur died. So Henry was
next in line to be King of England.
• Henry became the King of England
in 1509. He started the Church of
England faith because he did not
want to be catholic.
• Catherine of Aragon was Henry
VIII’s first wife. She had a daughter
Mary, but Henry wanted a son and
so divorced her.
• Anne Boleyn was Henry’s second
wife. She had a daughter Elizabeth,
but was beheaded because Henry
wanted a son.
• Jane Seymour was
Henry’s third wife.
She died following
the birth of their son
Edward. Henry
finally had a son.
• Anne of Cleves was Henry’s fourth
wife. Henry did not want to marry
her, and divorced her after only 6
months of marriage.
• Catherine Howard was Henry’s fifth
wife. She was put in prison then
beheaded less than 2 years after
getting married.
• Catherine Parr was his last wife.
Henry died while still married to
her. She later married again and
had a daughter.
• Henry became very overweight. He died on 28 January 1547 at the
palace of Whitehall at the age of 46 years old.
KING HENRY VIII & HIS WIVES
• Henry’s son became king. King
Edward VI was only 9 years old
when he was crowned. He died at
only 15 years old.
15.WILLIAM TYNDALE (~1491-1536)
• An English priest, scholar, and writer.
• Tyndale translated the Bible into English.
His translation was famed for its
beautiful language and later became
known as the King James version of the
Bible.
• Tyndale was burned at the stake for
translating the Bible.
13. WEAKNESSES OF THE CHURCH
Breaking of
Vows
Two popes
The
Catholic
Church
Indulgences
Disagreements
with rulers
14. REFORMATION FLOW CHART
Lutheranism
Protestant
Churches
Cathiloc Church
(Martin Luther)
Calvanism
(John Calivin)
Anglicanism
(King Henry VIII)
15. COUNTER REFORMATION
(DISCUSSION DEBATE AND REFORM)
• A Catholic reform movement where church leaders worked to:
•
•
•
•
correct abuses
clarify and defend Catholic teachings
Condemn Protestant errors
Win back areas of Europe that had been lost by using missionaries
• The Council of Trent determined that faith, good works, and the
sacraments were all necessary for salvation. The Latin Bible was still the
only official Bible.
• The church decided to no longer sell indulgences.
16. RELIGIOUS WARS
• Many wars were fought in Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries.
• Civil wars in France between Catholics and Protestants left over a million
people dead.
• The Thirty Years War (1618-1648) in Germany was the last major war of the
Reformation. The result was that European rulers could decide for
themselves whether their countries would be Catholic or Protestant, and
much of northern Europe became Protestant.
17.CHRISTIAN RELIGIONS IN
EUROPE, ~1600