The 13 Colonies
Sourcing
• Review the questions you should ask yourself
when trying to determine the usefulness and
reliability of a historical source.
• Resource #3: Historical Thinking Chart
Sourcing Quiz
The First Thanksgiving 1621
Claim:
• The painting The First Thanksgiving 1621 is a
useful resource for historians who wish to
understand the relationship between the
Wampanoag Indians and the Pilgrim settlers in
1621.
Sourcing Quiz
"The fort where native (Incan) chiefs held off the
16th century Spaniards,”
American Stereoscopic Company, 1907.
• Question 1: How might the photograph be
useful as evidence of the Inca defense against
the Spaniards?
• Question 2: What about this source might
make it less useful as evidence of the Inca
defense against the Spaniards?
• Adapted from “The Lost Colony and Jamestown
Droughts,” Science, April 24, 1998
• Note: This source is from a study that determined
amounts of rainfall by examining many tree ring
patterns in the Jamestown area. Every year a tree
grows, it creates a ring. In times of drought, the rings
are smaller than average; in times of abundant rainfall,
the tree rings are wider.
How is this reliable?
How is this useful?
Why did so many colonists die in the
early Jamestown Colony?
Adapted from John Smith, The Generall Historie of Virginia, New
England, and the Summer Isles, Book III, 1624
• Source E: Jamestown Ship List
Notes #3: Outline Corrections
• Pull out a blank piece of lined paper
• Takes notes as appropriate
Sourcing
• Is it useful and reliable???
• Don’t always need to supply this, but it can
make an argument stronger
• “Secondary Source” VS.
• “Secondary source based upon primary
sources without interpretation”
Outlines
• Inference: A conclusion or opinion that is
formed because of known facts or evidence
Write the source
II. Famine
Be clear and
A) Source D
accurate about what
the evidence is
1) Shows no water
2) Colonists died from no water
Don’t go beyond what the
evidence proves
Reasoning
Reasoning
• IV. Famine
A) Source B: Jamestown Environment
1) States that there was brackish water
2) States that fish were not abundant in
the winter
3) Colonists likely had trouble growing
crops with poor water, and with the lack of fish in
the winters, there is a good chance that they did not
have enough food to last them during the winter
Corroboration
B) Source E: Jamestown Droughts
1) Evidence shows that during the first few
years of the colony, there was a severe
drought in the area.
2) Means there was less fresh water for
drinking and growing crops
3) This supports the argument for famine,
because it would also likely mean the
inability to grow enough crops to sustain the
colonists
4) Also supports the idea that they would have less
drinking water
Organizing an Argument
Conclusion
• Resubmit by Monday on Turnitin
• Consider my notes:
–
–
–
–
Sourcing – If you do it, do it!
Be clear what the evidence is
Don’t go beyond what the evidence says
Inferences are good, but be clear that it is (i.e. NOT:
the drought proves they all died from lack of water)
– Reasoning: Clearly connect the evidence to your
argument
– Claims: Follow the guidelines from resource #5
– Borrow language from question
– No “I think”
– Match to your arguments what you outlined