2.3 Eukaryotic Cells
Animal cell
Plant Cell
Draw and label a diagram of the
ultrastructure of a liver cell as an
example of an animal cell.

The diagram should show ribosomes, rough
endoplasmic reticulum (rER), lysosome,
Golgi apparatus, mitochondrion, cytoplasm
and nucleus.
 Annotate the diagram from with the
functions of each named structure
Electron micrographs of liver cell
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion
Nucleoplasm
Nucleolus
Nuclear envelope
Golgi apparatus
Electron micrographs of a plant cell
Cell Wall
Chloroplast
Nucleoplasm
Nucleolus
Nuclear envelope
Plasma membrane
Cell vacuole
Function(s) of cell Organelles
ribosomes – protein synthesis
rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) – synthesis of
proteins to be secreted
lysosome – holds digestive enzymes
Golgi apparatus – for processing of proteins
mitochondrion – for aerobic respiration
nucleus – holds the chromosomes
Comparison between prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic Cell
Eukaryotic Cell
DNA in cytoplasm / nucleoid /
no nucleus
DNA in nucleus / nucleus
present
naked DNA
protein associated with DNA
circular DNA
linear chromosomes/DNA
molecules
Mitochondria present
no mitochondria
70S ribosomes present
80S ribosomes present
no membrane bound organelles
internal membranes form
organelles
pili present
plasmids sometimes present
cell wall present
flagella solid
pili absent
plasmids absent
cell wall only present in
plants/fungi
flagella flexible/membranebound
Differences between plant and animal
cells
Animal Cells
Plant Cells
Structure
Cannot produce
its own food
X
Chloroplast

Can produce its
own food.
Flexible, can
easily change
shape.
X
Cell Wall

Rigid, cannot
easily change
shape.
Does not store
large amounts of
liquid. Smaller
size of cell.
Carbohydrates
stored as
glycogen.
X
Central
Vacuole

Stores large
amounts of liquid
(juice). Larger
size of cell.
Storage of
carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
stored as starch.
Roles of extracellular components
Plant cell wall
 composition: cellulose





microfibrils
Functions:
provides physical protection
prevents excessive water
uptake precluding bursting in
hypotonic environment
produces turgor pressure
which holds whole plant up
against the force of gravity
Maintains the shape of the
cell
Animal extracellular matrix
 animal cells secrete




glycoprotein that form the
extracellular matrix
Functions:
Support – bone and cartilage
cells are embedded in the
matrix
adhesion between cells - skin
cells sit on a sheet of
proteoglycan (protein +
polysaccharide )
cellular movement