Chapter 10 -Planning
and Cabling Networks
Modified by Profs. Chen and Cappellino
Objectives

Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to:







Identify the basic network media required to make a LAN
connection.
Identify the types of connections for intermediate and end
device connections in a LAN.
Identify the pinout configurations for straight-through and
crossover cables.
Identify the different cabling types, standards, and ports used
for WAN connections.
Define the role of device management connections when
using Cisco equipment.
Design an addressing scheme for an internetwork and assign
ranges for hosts, network devices, and the router interface.
Compare and contrast the importance of network designs.
LAN Device: Router

Routers are the primary devices ______
____________________________
______________
on a router ___________
________________________
Routers ___________________________
___________________________
Routers used to interconnect networks that
use different technologies.
Routers can have ___________________
interfaces.

__________ interfaces allow routers to
connect to the LAN media.
Usually
via _____________, but modules
can be added for using fiber-optics.
___________________________________
connecting the LAN to other networks.
Intranetwork Devices LAN Device: Hub and switch

Hub
A _________________________________________________
over all
ports.
The ports use a ____________________ approach

May have reduced performance in the LAN due to collisions and recovery.
Multiple
hubs can be interconnected but they remain a ______________
______________________________
Less expensive than a switch
A hub is typically chosen as an intermediary device within a small LAN

Switch
A switch
________________________________________________
_______________________________________
Switch is used to segment a network into _______________________.
Switch _______________________________

Each _________ on the switch creates a _______________________
Switch
provides __________________________________
Switch can also be used to interconnect segments of different speeds.
Switch has many ____________________________ or can be used
right out of the box
Device Selection Factors


To meet user requirements ______________
___________, a LAN needs to be planned and
designed.
Some factors to consider:
Cost
Speed
and Types of Ports/Interfaces
Expandability
Manageability
Additional Features and Services

Two topics in Switch selection will be explored:
Cost
Interface/Port
characteristics
Switch Selection Factors:

Cost
The cost of a switch is determined by
its capacity and features
Example:
the switching speed, network
management capabilities, embedded
security technologies, etc.

Another cost consideration is how
much to __________________

_____________________________
________________________________
______________________________
We can provide a secondary central
switch to operate concurrently with the
primary central switch.
We can also provide additional cabling
to provide multiple interconnections
between the switches.
Switch Selection: Speed and Types of
Ports/Interfaces
Newer computers with built-in 10/100/1000
Mbps NICs are available.
 Best to choose a Layer 2 devices that can
accommodate increased speeds and _____
_______________________ without
replacing the central devices.
 Consider _______________, _______ UTP
and/or fiber, ___________ capability of
ports

Router Selection Factors

Cost
Routers
can be expensive _________________________________
_______________________ (like fiber-optics) and other features.


Interface types
Expandability
Routers come in both _________________________________
 ________ configurations have a _______________ and type of ports.
 _______________________________ that provide the flexibility to add new
modules as requirements evolve



come with a basic number of fixed ports as well as expansion slots.
Media
Router’s Operating System Features
Depending
on the version of the OS, the router can support certain
features and services such as:




Security
Quality of Service (QoS)
Routing multiple Layer 3 protocols
Services such as NAT and DHCP
There are other features as well…
LAN cabling- 4 areas to consider
1. ______________
Location
of the end devices and individual users.
Uses patch cables to connect individual devices to
wall jacks.
Straight-through cable is the most common patch
cable used.
2. Distribution cabling AKA ______
______________________
Refers
to the ___________________________
_________________________ in the work area.


According to standards, maximum length for a cable
________________________________________
Known as the permanent link because it is installed in
the building structure.
LAN cabling- 4 areas to consider
3. Telecommunications room AKA
_____________________________
Contains
- _____________________, and data
service units (DSUs) - that tie the network together.
_______________________________________
In many organizations, the telecommunications
room also contains the _____________________.
4. ___________________________
___________________________
Refers
to the cabling used to _____________
___________________________, where the
servers are often located.
Also can _______________________________
______________________ throughout the facility.
Sometimes routed outside the building to the WAN
connection or ISP.
Backbones typically require high bandwidth media
such as fiber-optic cabling to handle high traffic
loads
Total Cable Length: 100 meters

For UTP installations, the TIA/EIA568 standard specifies that the
_________________ of cablespanning __________________
__________ is limited to a
_________ distance of _________
Standard states
 a patch cable max of __________ from
patch panel to switch/hub
 a patch cable max of ________ from the
device to the termination point on wall
(wall receptacle)

Standard also specifies a
backbone maximum of between
90m – 3000m depending on media
LAN and WAN – Types of Media

Choosing the cables necessary to make a
successful LAN or WAN connection requires
consideration of the different media types.
What
are the different media types we’ve talked
about?

Each media type has its advantages and
disadvantages:
Cable
length
Cost
Bandwidth
Ease
of installation
Susceptible to EMI/RFI
Media type considerations…

______________________ - total length of cable required
to connect a device
 For
example, UTP cabling for Ethernet, it has the recommended maximum
distance of 90 (100) meters.
 Fiber-optic cables may provide a greater cabling distance-up to 500 meters
to a few kilometers
_____________________________________________________
____________________________________




The ________________, the more __________________
Cabling distance is a significant factor in data signal performance.
____ although fiber provides greater bandwidth than UTP,
the material and installation costs are significantly higher.
____________________ different devices have different
bandwidth considerations
A fiber
cable may be a logical choice for a server connection
which generally has a need for more bandwidth than a computer
dedicated to a single user.
Wireless is supporting huge increases in bandwidth, but it has
limitations in distance and power consumption.
LAN and WAN – Getting Connected

Ease of Installation- varies according to cable
type, building architecture etc.
____________
an ___________________________
_____________________________
__________________________________, _________
devices, such as access points, to the _____________



Requires more careful planning and testing.
Many external factors, such as other radio frequency devices and
building construction, that can effect its operation.
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)/Radio
Frequency Interference (RFI)
Interference
can be produced by electrical machines,
lightning, and other communications devices, including
radio equipment.
Fiber
cable is the best choice. Why?
Wireless
is the medium _____________________
Making LAN Connections: RJ-45 connector
UTP cabling connections
are specified by the
Telecommunications
Industry Association/
Electronics Industry
Alliance (_____________)
 The RJ-45 connector is the
male component and is
crimped on the end of the
cable.

Straight-through UTP Cables



For two directly connected devices
to communicate, the __________
____________________ needs to
be _____________ to the _______
___________________________
A straight-through cable has
connectors on each end that are
terminated the same in accordance
with either the T568A or T568B
standards.
Use straight-through cables when
____________________________
______________________
What
are some examples?
Crossover UTP Cables

Crossover cables ________________
___________________________
The
cable must be terminated so the
_________________, taking the signal
from device A at one end, is __________
___________, on device B and vice-versa



To create the crossover, one end must
be terminated as EIA/TIA _________
pinout, and the other end terminated
with ______________ pinout.
What are some examples of when a
crossover cable would be used?
FYI: Some newer devices may either
auto-sense the required cable type or
allow it to be configured
Console cables AKA Rollover cables

To initially configure the Cisco device, a
_______________________________________
____________________________________



On Cisco equipment, configuration is done via a
___________________________________
The cable used between a terminal (computer)
and a console port is a __________________,
with RJ-45 connectors.
The pinout for a rollover is exactly opposite on
each end of the cable
Making WAN Connections


WAN links can span extremely long
distances- even across the globe
Wide area connections between
networks take a number of forms,
including:
Telephone
line RJ11 connectors for dialup
or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
connections
60 pin Serial connections

Cisco routers in our lab connect using
one of two types of physical serial
cables.
The
first cable type has a ____________
_____________________________
The second type is a ______________
version and has a __________________

The other end of the cable is used as
a V.35 connection to a Physical layer
device such as a CSU/DSU.
Making WAN Connections: DCE and DTE

Data Communications Equipment (_____________) –
 Provides a _______________________
 ____________________________ used
to synchronize date transmission between
DCE and DTE devices
 It is at the WAN access provider end of the link.


Generally, the _____________________ service that synchronizes the transmitted signal.
Data Terminal Equipment (____________________) –

 It
 It
 If
______________________________ and adjusts accordingly.
is at the _____________________________ end of the link.
a serial connection is made directly to a service provider or to a device that
provides signal clocking such as a CSU/DSU, the router is the DTE and will use a
DTE serial cable.

NOTE: in our _________, one local ________________ ________ and
will therefore connect to the WAN using a DCE cable.
Making WAN Connections- In lab

When making WAN
connections between two
routers in a lab environment,
connect two routers with a
serial cable to simulate a
point-to-point WAN link.
One
router is going to be in
control of clocking.
________________________
________________________
________________________
_______________________
How Many Hosts in the Network?

To develop an addressing scheme for a network, start with
determining the ____________________________________
 The
end devices requiring an IP address include (consider the future):




Other end devices such as __________, IP phones, and IP cameras
 Network
devices requiring an IP address include (consider the future):

One per populated interface

 Network devices
(consider the future):



requiring an IP address for management include
One per device
Next, determine if all hosts will be part of the same network, or
whether the network as a whole will be divided into separate
subnets.
 Review:
How is the number of hosts on one network or subnet
calculated?

We need to come up with the total number of host- present and
future
How Many Networks?

Reasons to divide a network into subnets:
____________________
- Create smaller broadcast domains
_________________________________ - Consolidate users with
specific network requirements to one subnet.
_________________ - Different levels of network security can be
implemented based on network addresses.

Counting the Subnets
__________,
as a physical network segment, _______________
__________________________ for that subnet.

Each connection off a router’s interface is a separate subnet.
What

is the formula used to calculate the number of subnets?
Subnet Masks
 Apply
a unique subnet and subnet mask for each physical segment
 Figure the range of usable host addresses for each subnet
Designing the Address Standard for our Internetwork

It is good practice to use ____________________
____________________ across all subnets
 For
example, when assigning an IP address to a router
interface that is the gateway for a LAN, it is common
practice to use either the first (lowest) or last (highest)
address within the subnet range.

Similarly, using a consistent pattern within subnets
makes __________________________________
 For
example addresses within the .64 - .127 range
always represent the general users.
See next slide for additional examples on our sample
topology…

Important note: remember to _______________
________________________ on paper.
Example of an address pattern:
 FYI: some of the different categories for hosts are:
–General users
–Special users
–Network resources
–Router LAN interfaces
–Router WAN links
–Management access
Calculating Addresses




The curriculum goes step-by-step through an
example in section 10.4.1- 10.4.3
They discuss the number of LAN’s needed and
hosts per LAN and WAN
They then go through allocating addresses using
VLSM and a non-VLSM method
Please step through that example very carefully
and come in with any questions.
 VLSM

should be review for you…
Following we will go through example Case #2
Calculating Addresses: Case 2



In this scenario we want to
subnet this internetwork while
limiting the number of wasted
hosts and subnets.
The figure shows _____different
subnets, each with different host
requirements. The given IP
address is 192.168.1.0/24.
The host requirements are:
NetworkA - 14 hosts
NetworkB - 28 hosts
NetworkC - 2 hosts
NetworkD - 7 hosts
NetworkE - 28 hosts
Let’s solve this challenge together…
First – shall we use VLSM or the non-VLSM
method? And why?
 Second- with which network should be start?

Let’s get started….
Calculating Addresses: Case 2


As we did with Case 1, we begin the process by
subnetting for the _______________________
In this case, the __________requirements are for
____________________________________
 For
networks ___________ are borrowed from the
____________ and the calculation is 2^5 = 32 - 2.
 This allows _____________________________
 Network B will use Subnet 0:

Host address range
 Network


Host address range
The __________________________, followed
by ________________________
 Network


___ will use Subnet 0:
Host address range
 Network

E will use Subnet 1:
____ will use Subnet 1:
Host address range
Network_____ has _____________________
 Network

C will use Subnet 1:
Host address range
 The host requirements are:
–NetworkA - 14 hosts
–NetworkB - 28 hosts
–NetworkC - 2 hosts
–NetworkD - 7 hosts
–NetworkE - 28 hosts
Device Interfaces


Note: Cisco devices, routers, and switches have several
types of _____________________________
_____________________________________
 The
Ethernet interface is used for connecting cables that
terminate with LAN devices such as computers and switches.
 Several conventions for naming Ethernet interfaces, including AUI (older
Cisco devices), ____________________________

______________________________________________
 Serial
interfaces are used for connecting WAN devices to the
CSU/DSU.
 For lab, we will make a ___________________________________,
and ________________________________________
 Like all populated LAN interfaces, the WAN interfaces are assigned
_____________________________

______________________________________
 The
console interface (port) is the interface for ___________________.
 Also used for _____________________________
 Reminder: Physical security of network devices is extremely important.

Auxiliary (______________) Interface
 This interface is used for remote ______________________________.
 Typically, a modem is connected to the AUX interface for dial-in access.
Making the Device Management Connection

Networking devices do not have their own
monitors, keyboards, etc.
Accessing
a network device for configuration,
verification, or troubleshooting is made via a connection
between the _______________________________

To enable this connection, the computer runs a
program called a ________________________
_____________________
that allows a computer to
____________________________________
Allows a person to use the display and keyboard on one
computer to operate another device
The cable connection between the computer running
the terminal emulation program and the device is often
made via the ___________________________
Making the Device Management Connection


To connect to a router or switch, to a computer, for device
management using terminal emulation, follow these steps:
Step 1:
 Connect

a computer to the console port using _________
The console cable, has a DB-9 connector on one end and an RJ45 connector on the other end.
 Many
newer computers do not have an serial interface. You
can use a USB-to-serial cable to access the console port.

Step 2:
 For
the purpose of this course, use _______________ as our
terminal emulation program.

Found under All Programs > Accessories > Communications.
Select HyperTerminal.
 Open






HyperTerminal, configure the port with these settings:
Bits per second: 9600 bps
Data bits: 8
Parity: None
Stop bits: 1
Flow control: None
Step 3:
 Log
 You
in to the router using the terminal emulator software.
can __________________________