Engineering Graphics &
Design
Civil content
NATIONAL CURRICULUM
STATEMENT

Grade 10 – Drawing basic floor plans of dwellings
incorporating scale and dimensioning techniques.

Grade 11 – Drawing single-level dwellings including
foundation to ceiling using appropriate sections,
scale and dimensioning techniques.

Grade 12 – Drawing all aspects of single-level
dwellings including foundation to roof, electrical
wiring diagrams and plumbing using appropriate
sections, scale and dimensioning techniques.
Content
Grade 10
Grade 11
Grade 12
Floor plan
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Elevations
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Sectional
elevation
Site plan &
schedule of
spec’s
Foundation Foundation Foundation
to floor slab to ceiling
to roof

GRADE 10
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Brick and Block sizes
Wall types
Foundation
DPC – Floor
DPC - Wall
Floor slab
Floor plan
Elevations
Fixtures
GRADE 11
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Windows
Doors
DPC (Doors & Windows)
Section of walls
Detailed Elevations
GRADE 12
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Roof / Trusses
Eaves (Open – Close)
Site plan
Plumbing
Drainage
Wiring
Schedule of specifications
EGD - CIVIL
GRADE 10
BRICKS AND BLOCKS
 A block
is defined as any building unit with
a length greater than 300mm or a width of
more than 130mm, any building unit
smaller than this is called a brick.
Brick size
Block sizes
Walls

Walls are divided into different categories according to the
purpose of the wall. Seeing as we only expect the pupils to
design a one storey house the two most important walls
can be divided into the following:
a) load bearing walls and b) non loading bearing walls.
a) Load bearing walls has a thickness of at least 220mm and
mostly used for the shell of the house. These walls will
usually carry the weight of the roof. There are two types of
walls in this category namely, one brick walls and cavity
walls. Cavity walls are mostly used along the coastal areas
of the country or where there is high rainfall. The one brick
wall is mostly used in drier areas like the interior of the
country. The cavity is never less than 50mm and must be
free of any cement.
b) Non load bearing walls are usually used for the inside of
the house to divide the house into rooms. They are also
called half brick walls (110mm).
Walls

To strengthen walls we use welded wire mesh (brick
force) and wall ties (see drawing). There must be at
least 3 wall ties in every square meter of wall. Wire
mesh is mostly used to strengthen the wall above
doors and windows. The norm is to place wire mesh
in between at least two courses above openings.
These wall ties and wire mesh must be coated with a
anti-rust coating (galvanized or plastic coating).
 There are two methods of drawing a wall when it is
sectioned. The one method is used when the scale
of the drawing is 1:20. In this instance we will
indicate the individual bricks. When the scale of the
drawing is smaller than 1:20 we will indicate the wall
only as outlines.
Walls
Foundations
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
Foundations must always be in solid ground. The
foundation is one of the most important parts of the
building. The following guidelines are given:
1. Foundations may not be thinner than 200mm.
2. Foundations for half brick (110mm), non load
bearing walls may be 400 x 200mm.
3. One brick (222mm), load bearing wall may be a
min size of 600 x 200mm.
4. Cavity (270mm), load bearing wall may be a min
size of 730 x 230mm.
5. Foundations must be at least 150mm below the
natural ground level (NGL)
Foundations are also influenced by the soil structure
(sandy, clay & rock).
Foundations

The floor of a house must be done on at least 150mm of
compacted hardcore. Hardcore is defined as sand and
small stones that will compact to a firm surface. Plant
material and bricks must be removed when preparing
the ground for compacting.
 To prevent moisture and water from seeping through
the floor a SANS approved damp proof course (DPC)
must be placed below the concrete floor.
 Before laying the concrete floor (slab), the cavity in a
cavity wall must be filled with a weak mixture of
concrete.
 The top level of the floor must be at least 250mm above
the natural ground level. Take note of where the dpc is
placed in the wall above the floor.
Foundations
A - HALF BRICK WALL
A - HALF BRICK WALL
106
106
DAMP PROOF COURSE
85
DPC
DPC
DPC
200
COMPACTED
HARDCORE
COMPACTED
HARDCORE
NGL
NGL
45°
200
400
400
Foundations
B - ONE BRICK WALL
C - CAVITY WALL
222
280
DPC
DPC
WEEP
HOLE
DPC
COMPACTED
HARDCORE
230
45°
200
NGL
600
730
Dimensions and areas of rooms
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
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Minimum area 6 m².
Minimum linear dimension 2,1 m between walls.
Habitable room.
Height of ceiling. Minimum 2,4 m.
Passages and bathrooms. Minimum ceiling
height 2,1 m.
Minimum floor area of a house 30 m².
Lintel height of windows and doors 2,1 m
Floor plan
7350
1110
RWG
RWG
270
2500
1800
BEDROOM 1
270
270
1300
1770
1030
270
130 900 130
2770
270
2740
270
3800
270
645
3010
270
1030
270
395
4340
270
270
900
900
1170
1000
270
475
1000
900
900
480
900
130
600
270
475
3770
2280
2140
2410
7350
PLAN VIEW
SCALE 1:100
270
270
3120
1820
12450
2070
1680
1200
900 130
270
270
MB
RWG
4140
900
280
2420
1150
520
1550
1800
RWG
270
DB
520
4360
14.1 m²
1800
LIVINGROOM
1800
780 270 460
900
2000
130
1800
900
1180
1280
270
KITCHEN
130
270
275
12450
460270 655
900 130 900
BIC
BIC
270
1860
900 130 580
6650
BIC
BEDROOM 2
5800
1800
BEDROOM 3
Bathroom & Kitchen
WASH CLOSET
(WC)
ZINK
ZINK
470
1200
435
535
290
490
1235
360
WASH BASIN
(WB)
SHOWER
(SH)
BATH
800
712
420
860
570
1703
Elevations
NGL
NGL
NGL
NGL
NORTH ELEVATION
EAST ELEVATION
SCALE 1:100
SCALE 1:100
NGL
NGL
NGL
NGL
SOUTH ELEVATION
WEST ELEVATION
SCALE 1:100
SCALE 1:100
EGD - CIVIL
GRADE 11
Windows
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Windows provide light and fresh area to enter a
room. There must always be cross ventilation in a
room. The only door and window in a room is not
allowed to be in the same wall.
Windows are usually placed in such a way that the
top of the window and the top of the door is at the
same level.
Take note of how dpc is placed around the window
to prevent water from entering the house.
Ventilation and illumination

Any room must have a window.

Window size Min 10% of floor area 5%
opening including door.

Must have cross ventilation.
1702
2255
1164
990
1733
HEIGHTS OF 984 IS ALSO AVAILABLE.
597
Wooden Windows
WIDTHS OF 3200 IS ALSO AVAILABLE.
2648
1702
2255
1164
990
1733
HEIGHTS OF 984 IS ALSO AVAILABLE.
597
Wooden Windows
WIDTHS OF 3200 IS ALSO AVAILABLE.
2648
359
1022
1511
949
654
533
949
HEIGHTS OF 1245, 1540 AND 1854 ARE ALSO AVAILABLE.
Steel Windows
WIDTHS OF 305, 2000 AND 2489 ARE ALSO AVAILABLE.
1511
Doors
STANDARD
GARAGE
DOOR
2032
2125
STANDARD
WOODEN
DOOR
813
2440
Doors
SLIDING DOORS
ALUMINIUM
2090
2134
WOODEN
1830
SIZES AVAILABLE
1830 x 2134
2430 x 2134
3048 x 2134
3658 x 2134
1490
SIZES AVAILABLE
1490 x 2090
1790 x 2090
2090 x 2090
2390 x 2090
2990 x 2090
Window
106
126
HALF BRICK WALL
280
68
242
222
CAVITY BRICK WALL
ONE BRICK WALL
BRICK ON EDGE
BRICK ON EDGE
DPC
DPC
222
300
68
280
Section
NGL
EGD - CIVIL
GRAAD 12
ROOF TRUSSES
DPC
RAFTER
CEMENT
ROOF
TILES
TRUSS PLATE
BATTEN
KING POST
TIE
STRUT
TILTING
BATTEN
CORNICE
WALL
PLATE
BRANDERING
TIE BEAM
CEILING
ROOF TRUSSES
21
0
2
1
2
20
1750
1750
1750
7000
KING POST TRUSS
1750
ROOF TRUSSES
28
28
87
87
3333
3333
10000
W - TRUSS
3333
ROOF TRUSSES
28
28
28
87
87
87
3000
3000
3000
15000
DOUBLE W - TRUSS
3000
3000
ROOF TRUSSES
23
23
23
09
09
09
4000
4000
12000
FAN TRUSS
4000
ROOF TRUSSES
SIZES
TIE BEAM
RAFTERS
KING POST
TIE
STRUT
WALL PLATE
114 x 38 or 156 x 38 or 228 x 38
114 x 38 or 156 x 38
76 x 38 or 114 x 38
76 x 38 or 114 x 38
76 x 38 or 114 x 38
114 x 38
ROOF


The last two courses, below the roof truss, in a
cavity wall are closed up to strengthen the wall. A
4mm galvanized wire is used to tie down the roof
onto the wall plate. This galvanized wire is build into
the wall between three and six courses below the
wall plate. The wall plate is a piece of wood (114 x
38) placed on the last course of the inside wall. The
tie beam of the roof truss rests on this wall plate.
The spacing of the roof trusses depends on the
roofing material that will be used. The following is a
guideline for the spacing of trusses.
ROOF
Trusses – (see resource pack)
 Slope Min 15°- max 30° Class A & C (A = Fibre
cement. B = Metal plates).
 Slope Min 17°- max 35° Class B = Concrete tiles.
 Spacing of trusses: 760mm concrete tiles; 1400mm
Metal plates
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Min pitch
Sheeting material
5° - 22°
Concrete & Clay tiles 17.5° (with underlay)
ROOF


Take note of how the roof truss is secured to the wall
in the drawing provided. It is good practice to
always place dpc below the battens on the roof
truss. The drawings of the construction of roof
trusses explain how to draw the different roof
trusses. You will note that the tie beam and the
rafter are always divided into equal parts. This is
only a few of the roof trusses that are available on
the market.
Unplaned wood is indicated with two lines drawn
diagonally from one corner to the other. Planed
wood (PAR) is indicated by drawing freehand annual
rings on the wood.
EAVES
CLOSED EAVES
OPEN EAVES
Sectional elevation
DOUBLE ROMAN CEMENT TILES
ON 38 x 38 BATTENS AT 340 c/c
ON D.P.C. SHEETING ON SABS
ENG. TRUSSES AT MAX. 760 c/c
ON 110 x 38 WALL PLATE.
2100
2700
2700
6,4mm GYPSUM CEILING BOARD
ON 38 X 38mm BRANDERING AT
450mm c/c.
25mm SCREED ON 85mm
CONCRETE SLAB ON P.V.C.
SHEETING ON 150mm
COMPACTED FILL.
DPC
NGL
230
230
NGL
700
3450
400
SECTIONAL ELEVATION
2530
700
ERF NR 2351
1500
23679
BUILDING LINE
RE1
1500
IE2
6526
10107
ERF NR 2304
SITE PLAN
SCALE 1 : 100
ROWAN STREET
23679
ERF NR 2305
1500
27222
IE1
3000
27222
ERF NR 2303
PROPOSED
NEW
DWELLING
73.8m²
SEWERAGE

The drainage of a building must always be indicated
on the site plan. All the roding eyes (RE) and the
inspection eyes (IE) must be shown. A drainage pipe
must have a roding eye every 25m. The fall of a
drainage pipe must be a minimum of one meter for
every sixty meters of pipe (1:60).

Plumbing must be shown on the elevations.
ELECTRICAL

On the plan view the positioning of lights, plugs and
switches are indicated.

The position of the main board and the distribution
board are also shown in the plan view.
Schedule of specifications

The schedule of specifications is where the
draftsman will describe the different materials that
will be used in the building proses, eg. Roof type,
spacing of trusses, windows to be used, guttering,
facias, ect.
 The schedule of specifications is usually printed to
the side of the drawing page in a specially
demarcated block.
 The name and contact detail of the draftsman must
also be printed at the bottom of this block.
 The name of the owner of the property must also be
printed.
 The street address and plot number of the proposed
new dwelling must also be printed on the drawing.
 Some municipalities also wants the plot numbers of
the neighboring plots to be printed on the site plan.
Plan layout
The following information should be drawn on a house
plan:
 Floor plan – Drawn to a scale of 1:100 or 1:50.
 Outside and inside walls.
 Door and window openings.
 Fixed furniture such as sanitation, washing troughs,
cupboards etc.
 All dimensions of rooms as well as the overall
measurement of the building.
 Room descriptions.
 Electrical distribution.
 Floor levels.
 Layout of rooms such as kitchens and bathrooms as
well as the positions of wardrobes.
Sectioning drawing
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Foundation and floor levels.
Height of walls and position of damp course
(DPC).
Roof truss construction and coverage detail.
Natural ground level.
Ceiling height.
Door and window heights.
Elevations
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North-; West-; East-; and South elevations
Outside finishing detail of walls
All window and door openings
Gutter and down pipe detail
Plumbing detail
Site Plan
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Stand size, borders and dimensions.
Stand number and adjoining stands.
Servitudes and building lines.
Vehicle entrance position.
Sewer connection point and position of sewer line.
Scale.
Arrow to indicate position of true north.
General information

Name of Client.
 Name of architect or draftsman.
 Information about the area of the dwelling as
well as the coverage area on the stand.
 Electrical distribution symbol explanation.
Street name, stand number, township name
etc.