•POLITICAL PARTIES EMERGED
•NEW GOVERNMENT WAS TESTED
•LOUISIANA PURCHASE
•WAR OF 1812
•WESTWARD EXPLORATION
•NATIVE AMERICAN REMOVAL
•MANIFEST DESTINY
•WAR OF 1848
•NEW TERRITORIES
•CALIFORNIA GOLD RUSH
Slide 3
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POLITICAL PARTIES EMERGED
FEDERALIST
(mostly
northerners)
DEMOCRATICREPUBLICAN
(Southern)
LED BY ALEXANDER HAMILTON
LED BY THOMAS JEFFERSON
STRONG NATIONAL GOVERNMENT
STRONG STATE GOVERNMENTS
LOOSE INTERPRETATION OF THE
CONSTITUTION
STRICT INTERPRETATION OF THE
CONSTITUTION
NATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICIES
LIMITED INVOLVEMENT IN ECONOMICS
BY FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
SUPPORT BRITISH
SUPPORT FRENCH
MERCHANTS AND MANUFACTURERS
ESPECIALLY FROM NEW ENGLAND
FARMERS, TRADERS, PLANTATION
OWNERS FROM RURAL AND FRONTIER
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AREAS
AS THE FIRST SECRETARY OF THE
TREASURY ALEXANDER HAMILTON
WAS FACED WITH FOREIGN DEBT,
DOMESTIC DEBTS TO SOLDIERS,
AND STATE DEBTS. DUE TO THE
DIFFERING ECONOMIC CLIMATE IN
EACH STATE IT WAS DIFFICULT TO
CREATE A PLAN THAT BENEFITED
ALL SINCE SOME HAD NO DEBT
WHILE OTHERS WERE DEEPLY IN
DEBT. JEFFERSON HELPED WITH A
COMPROMISE THAT WOULD
SATISFY ALL: THE NATIONAL
GOVERNMENT PAID FOR ALL DEBTS
AND THE CAPITAL WAS MOVED TO
THE SOUTH.
HAMILTON CREATED THE NATIONAL
BANK TO STANDARDIZE A
NATIONAL CURRENCY
FIRST TREASURY BUILDING
IN PHILADELPHIA,
PENNSYLVANIA
ALEXANDER
HAMILTON
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The First REAL Big TEST OF THE NEW
GOVERNMENT: WHISKEY REBELLION
SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY
HAMILTON PROPOSED A FEDERAL
EXCISE TAX ON WHISKEY. HE
WANTED TO RAISE MONEY FOR
THE GOVERNMENT AS WELL AS
TEST THE GOVERNMENT'S ABILITY
TO TAX. IT ESPECIALLY EFFECTED
FARMERS IN WESTERN
PENNSYLVANIA WHO REFUSED TO
PAY THE TAX AND EVENTUALLY
THE SITUATION ESCALATED INTO
VIOLENCE. IN 1794 A FEDERAL
ARMY WAS SENT TO DEAL WITH
THE PROTESTORS WHO
SURRENDERED IN THE FACE OF
FEDERAL FORCE. THIS EVENT
PROVED THAT THE NEW
GOVERNMENT WOULD BE ABLE TO
DEAL WITH CRISIS SITUATIONS
IN A TIMELY AND ORDERLY
FASHION.
PENNSYLVANIA
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JOHN ADAMS, PRESIDENT 1796-1800
FEDERALIST
SIGNED INTO LAW ALIEN ACT
WHICH GAVE HIM THE POWER TO
DEPORT ALIENS OR “DISLOYAL”
FOREIGN-BORN RESIDENTS
DURING THE WAR BETWEEN
EUROPEAN POWERS
SIGNED INTO LAW THE SEDITION
ACT WHICH MADE IT A CRIME TO
“WRITE, PRINT, UTTER, OR
PUBLISH…ANY FALSE,
SCANDALOUS, AND MALICIOUS
WRITING” ABOUT THE PRESIDENT
OR THE GOVERNMENT
SERVED ONE TERM
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JEFFERSONIAN DEMOCRACY:
THOMAS JEFFERSON 1801-1809
ELECTION OF 1800 SPURRED
THE 12TH AMENDMENT WHICH
REQUIRED SEPARATE BALLOTS
FOR PRESIDENT AND VICE
PRESIDENT
LOUISIANA PURCHASE
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Jeffersons theory of
Government
• Called Jeffersonian Democracy
– People should control gov.
– Tried to reduce gov to cut costs
• Smaller military
• Eliminating internal taxes
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THE LOUISIANA TERRITORY
INCLUDED PARTS OF LOUISIANA, ARKANSAS, MISSOURI,
IOWA, MINNESOTA, NORTH DAKOTA, SOUTH DAKOTA,
NEBRASKA, KANSAS, OKLAHOMA, COLORADO, WYOMING,
TEXAS, NEW MEXICO, AND MONTANA
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The Purchase 1803
• Napoleon sold for 15
Million
• To reduce his war
debt
• 524,800,000 acres
(640 acres in a
square mile)=
.03 cents an acre
• 820,000 sq. miles =
$18.29 (approx.) per
sq. mile
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EXPLORING THE NEW LANDS
PRESIDENT JEFFERSON SENT MERIWETHER LEWIS AND WILLIAM
CLARK ON A JOURNEY OF DISCOVERY TO MAP AND INVESTIGATE
ON THE NEW WESTERN LANDS
CONFIDENTIAL LETTER FROM
PRESIDENT JEFFERSON TO
LEWIS AND CLARK ON THE
PURPOSE OF THEIR
EXPLORATORY JOURNEY
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MAP THEY TOOK WITH THEM
MAP OF LEWIS AND CLARK’S JOURNEY OF
EXPLORATION
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WHAT DID LEWIS AND CLARK ACCOMPLISH?
THE EXPEDITION’S MAIN GOAL WAS TO FIND AN ALL-WATER
ROUTE ACROSS THE CONTINENT. EVEN THOUGH THE WATER
ROUTE WAS NEVER FOUND IT HAD A MAJOR IMPACT ON THE
FUTURE COURSE OF U.S. HISTORY. THE GEOGRAPHIC
INFORMATION RETURNED SHOWED THE GREAT POTENTIAL OF
THE CONTINENT AND SET THE STAGE FOR INCREASED
EXPLORATION, TRADE, SETTLEMENT AND ANNEXATION.
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WILLIAM ASHLEY, A ST. LOUIS TRADER, PLACED AN
ADVERTISEMENT IN THE ST. LOUIS GAZETTE (1822) ASKING FOR
"ONE HUNDRED ENTERPRISING YOUNG MEN" TO JOIN HIM IN A
TRAPPING AND TRADING VENTURE IN THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI
WEST. THIS SIGNALED THE BEGINNING OF THE "MOUNTAIN MAN
ERA." ($200 IN 2003 DOLLARS WOULD BE WORTH $2637.00)
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WHO WERE THE MOUNTAIN MEN AND WHAT DID
THEY DO?
THEY WERE FUR TRAPPERS WHO VENTURED INTO THE RUGGED,
UNCIVILIZED ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION OF NORTH AMERICA IN SEARCH
OF BEAVER AND OTHER FUR BEARING ANIMALS. AFTER THE BEAVER WERE
NEARLY EXTERMINATED AND THE FUR HAT WENT OUT OF STYLE MANY
REMAINED IN THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS AND GREAT PLAINS. THEY BECAME
EXPLORERS, GUIDES AND EVEN GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS.
THE MOUNTAIN MEN BECAME
NATIONAL HEROES. THERE WAS
GREAT INTEREST IN THEIR 14
ADVENTURES AND EXPLOITS.
Fur Trappers in this area
• Jim Bridger
• Peter Skeen Ogden
• Jeremiah “Liver
Eating” Johnson
•
•
•
•
Marriage
Rendevoux
Indians
Life span
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Marbury Vs. Madison
• A few days before Thomas Jefferson’s
inauguration, outgoing President Adams
Appointed William Marbury to be Justice of
Peace. Jefferson’s new Secretary of State
said “NOPE”. Marbury asked the
Supreme Court to force him in.
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WAR OF 1812
DURING THE EUROPEAN WARS THE UNITED STATES HAD
MANAGED TO REMAIN NEUTRAL EVEN THOUGH EUROPEAN
NATIONS HAD SEIZED AMERICAN SHIPS WITH SUPPLIES AND
THE BRITISH HAD “IMPRESSED” AMERICAN CITIZENS ONBOARD
(FORCED FIGHTING IN THEIR MILITARY). THE CONGRESS IN
1811 WAS DIVIDED OVER WHETHER OR NOT TO ENTER WAR
AGAINST GREAT BRITAIN. THE WESTERNERS LIVING IN THE
GREAT LAKES REGION WERE CONVINCED THE BRITISH WERE
HELPING NATIVE AMERICANS EXPAND ATTACKS AGAINST THEM,
ULTIMATELY THE WAR HAWKS NEGOTIATED A DEAL WITH
MADISON WHERE THEY GUARANTEED HIM SUPPORT IN THE
UPCOMING ELECTION AND HE AGREED TO ASK FOR A
DECLARATION OF WAR.
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The War of 1812
• American military was not prepared
• British sacked D.C. and burned it.
• Americans turned tide of war with a victory
at the Battle of New Orleans
• Lasted till 1815 with U.S. winning
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Consequences
• Federalist Party disappeared (those who
opposed the war)
• Encouraged growth of manufacturing in
U.S.
• Confirmed that U.S. was free and
independent
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JAMES MONROE, PRESIDENT 1817-1825
MOVED INTO THE NEWLY
RESTORED WHITE HOUSE THAT
HAD BEEN BURNED BY THE
BRITISH IN THE WAR OF 1812
OBTAINED FLORIDA FROM
SPAIN
NEGOTIATED A BOUNDARY
LINE WITH CANADA (49th
parallel)
THE MONROE DOCTRINE
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The Monroe Doctrine
• When Napoleon was defeated, Portugal
and Spain wanted their land back. Russia
was also staking claim.
• U.S. was being surrounded
• Doctrine states:
– All European Powers shall not create new
colonies or try to overthrow existing ones. To
do so would be an act of war
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The Missouri Compromise
• American politics was continuing to split
nation.
• 1818 settlers in Missouri wanted to be
admitted as a state in Union.
– Issue was to decide if it should be a slave
state or not.
– Only be allowed in if Maine could enter as a
free state
– WHY?
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JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY:
ANDREW JACKSON 1829-1837
WAR HERO FROM THE WAR OF 1812
At age of 13 fought in Revolutionary
War. (OLD HICKORY)
No college education
Slave holder
Sought to give the common people a
chance to participate in gov.
Spoils System-new administrations
hire their own supporters
Giving jobs to friends and
whoever gives you most money
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NATIVE AMERICAN REMOVAL, 1830s
THE INDIAN REMOVAL
ACT WAS PASSED MAY
1830 AFTER HEATED
AND BITTER
ARGUMENTS IN
CONGRESS. THIS LAW
MOVED MOST OF THE
NATIONS OF TRIBES IN
THE EASTERN PORTION
OF THE UNITED STATES
INTO “INDIAN
COUNTRY”, WHICH
TODAY IS OKLAHOMA.
THE MOST TRAGIC
REMOVAL INVOLVED
THE CHEROKEE WHO
TRIED TO FIGHT IT IN
COURT, HOWEVER THEY
WERE FORCED THE
DEPART THEIR LAND.
THOUSANDS DIED ON
THE LONG JOURNEY
FROM WEATHER,
STARVATION, AND
ILLNESS. THAT
JOURNEY IS
REMEMBERED AS THE
TRAIL OF TEARS.
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Manifest Destiny
• U.S. was ordained to expand to the Pacific
and into Mexican and Native American
Territory.
• Reasons people moved:
– Abundance of free and cheap land.
– Personal economic problems
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MANIFEST DESTINY WAS THE BELIEF THAT THE U.S. HAD A GOD GIVEN MISSION
TO SPREAD ITS CIVILIZATION BY CONQUEST TO THE ENTIRE WESTERN
HEMISPHERE NO MATTER WHO IT HARMED.
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REASONS FOR MANIFEST DESTINY
BELIEF THAT THE DEMOCRACY MUST CONTINUE TO GROW IN
ORDER TO SURVIVE AND A DESIRE TO EXPAND THE BENEFITS OF
AMERICANS
SOUTHERNERS WERE ANXIOUS TO ACQUIRE NEW LANDS FOR
ADDITIONAL SLAVE STATES
A NEED TO DEVELOP NEW MARKETS MADE THE ACQUISITION
OF THE PACIFIC PORTS A PRIORITY
FEAR THAT GREAT BRITAIN WOULD TRY AND BLOCK AMERICAN
ANNEXATION OF TEXAS AND MIGHT EXPAND HER OWN HOLDINGS
IN NORTH AMERICA
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