Energy Supply Systems
Chapters 15 and 16
Bob Schock
(Anand Patwardhan)
GEA West Coast Launch - Stanford
21 May 2013
© GEA 2012
www.globalenergyassessment.org
1
Lead Authors
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Stan Bull
Ines Azevedo
Hans Larsen
Tira Foran
Vladimir Likhachev
Mahesh Patankar
Kogi Nagano
Anand Rao
Hans Nilsson
Rob Raven
Seppo Vuori
Constantine Samaras
Kurt Yeager
Adrian Smith
Li Zhou
Geert Verbong
Xiliang Zhang
Rahul Walawalkar
Robert Schock
Riddhi Panse
Ralph Sims
Saumya Ranjan
Neha Umarji
Anand Patwardhan
© GEA 2012
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2
Energy Supply Systems
Relationships – Sources, Conversions, End Uses
Chapter 15, #3
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© GEA 2012
Future Systems
• Providing affordable energy services by 2050 – cities
are key
• Systems must be made much more flexible to deal with
- changing societal needs
- new technologies
(electricity is an example of being flexible from
sources to uses)
• Important! - EXISTENCE OF STABLE GOVERNANCE
POLICY FRAMEWORKS
Chapter 15, #4
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Critical Questions
• What is an intelligent energy system?
• Will future competition be between:
- Energy sources?
- End-uses?
- Sources & End-uses?
- Integrated systems?
- All of the above?
Chapter 15, #5
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Electricity
• Key ability to transform a broad array of resources to
useful goods and services
• 20% to 40% of total energy in 2050 means 2/3rds
reduction in C emissions and 50% increase in economic
output
• Advanced economies are above ~2000 kWh/yr per
capita
• 2050 – 2/3rds of population in urban areas
• Fundamental changes in infrastructure (control)
- Small distributed power units – Low voltage
generation/CHP - Active control and balancing - Increased use of
ICT
Chapter 15, #6
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Electricity
SMART GRID
• A Defining Role for Storage – Need for Research
Chapter 15, #7
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Transitions in Energy Systems
Variability in Daily System Load Curves for NY City
Chapter 16, #8
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Hydrogen
• Has potential of electricity (flexibility / societal and
technology)
• In coal, oil, natural gas, biomass, water
• An excellent storage medium – gas, liquid, compound
• Used in combustion, materials/chemical production,
fuel cells
• Need R&D on optimized fuel cells
Chapter 15, #9
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Energy Supply Systems
Renewable Paths to Hydrogen
Chapter 15, #10
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Demand Side Management
• Currently many actors from source to end-use
• Demand side reductions in energy work the same way
as supply-side additions (MWh vs. nWh)
• Helped by technology improvements, energy security
requirements and environmental sustainability
• Example in electric peak clipping, valley fillings and
load shifting
Chapter 15, #11
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Energy Supply Systems
Load Shape Changes - DSM
Chapter 15, #12
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Transitions in Energy Systems
Matrix: Plausible Combinations of Hybrid Technologies
Chapter 16, #13
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What is the Future?
• Innovations and experimentation give an insight
• Sources and production - hybrid systems
• Consumers as producers
• Simultaneous delivery of energy/non-energy services
• Storage, DG, ESCOs, EPCs
Chapter 15, #14
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© GEA 2012