Name:
Section, page
numbers
Main Ideas from the
section in italics. Feel
free to fill in your own
(optional).
Earth’s
Interior 6
Questions for guided notes. If
there is a dot next to a
question, you must answer it
in the space to the right.
 What happens to the
lava when it flows
over land?

How have geologists
found what is in
Earth’s interior?
Evidence from
Rock Samples

How do geologists get
rocks from inside the
Earth’s structure?
Evidence from
Seismic Waves

Define seismic wave:

How do seismic waves
help geologists
determine what is
inside the Earth?

What are the three
main layers of the
Earth?
Exploring
Inside Earth 7
A Journey to
the Center of
Earth
Main Idea: Earth’s
surface is constantly
changing. Geologists
use many methods to
help identify what the
layers of the Earth are
made of.
Main Idea: There are 3
different layers that
make up in side of our
Earth.
Responses to vocab, questions
and fill in the blanks.
Seismic Wave:
1
2
3
Temperature

As you go deeper into
the Earth, what
happens to the
temperature?
Name:

Pressure
Define Pressure:
*The high
inside Earth are
the result of
left over
from the formation of the planet.
Pressure:
*The
you go, the
greater the pressure.
The Crust (10)
The crust is the outer
layer of the Earth’s
interior. In this layer
are mountains and
rocks.

Define Crust:

Is the crust the center,
middle, or outside
layer of the interior of
Earth?
Crust:
On the crust you find
and
s. The
crust also includes
and
water that cover large parts of
Earth’s surface.
The outer rind of rock is
thinner/thicker (circle one)
than the layer that lies beneath
it.
What is oceanic crust?
Name:
What are the 2 rocks that are
found in this layer of the
Earth?
The Mantle 11
1.
2.
Define Mantle
Overall, the mantle is how
many miles thick?
The
lithosphere
Define lithosphere:
Lithosphere:
How many miles thick is the
lithosphere?
The
asthenosphere
Define asthenosphere
Asthenosphere:
Is the asthenosphere soft or
hard?
Lower Mantle
The Core 12
What is the lower mantle like?
The core is the inner
layer of the Earth’s
interior.
What is the core made of?
There are 2 parts of the core.
What are they?
Outer and
Inner Core
How thick is the core?
Define outer core:
1.
2.
Outer Core:
Name:
Define inner core:
Inner Core:
What do scientists believe the
core is made up of?
The Core and
Earth’s
Magnetic Field
What layer do scientists
believe gives us a magnetic
field?
Convection
and the
Mantle 14
Define heat transfer:
Types of Heat
Transfer 15
Main Idea:
Heat always moves from a
warmer/cooler substance to a
warmer/cooler substance.
Radiation
What are the 3 types of heat
transfer?
Define Radiation:
1.
2.
3.
Radiation:
Conduction
What are a few examples of
radiation mentioned in the
book?
Define Conduction
Conduction:
What is an example of
conduction from the book? Be
specific
Name:
Convection
Define Convection
Convection:
Heat can also be moved through
and gases.
Density:
Convection
Currents 16
Main Idea:
Define Density:
How do convection currents
work through soup to heat it
up? Be specific.
Define Convection Current
Convection
Currents in
Earth 17
Convection Current:
Convection currents will
continue as long as
is added.
Heat from the core and the
mantle itself causes
in the mantle.
Main Idea:
How do scientists believe
convection currents are
working in our mantle? What
is happening to the rocks?
Drifting
Continents 18
Main Idea: Columbus
and other individuals
helped influence the
idea of Pangaea by
noticing all the
In the 1700s, geologists believed
that the continents had always
in the
same place. In the 1900’s, one
scientists believed that the
Name:
continents fit together
like a puzzle.
Continental
Drift 19
Main Idea: Wegener is
a scientist who came
up with the idea of
Continental Drift.
continents could have once
been
in a single landmass.
What scientist hypothesized
that Earth’s continents had
moved?
What did his hypothesis state?
This idea became known as
what?
Define Pangaea:
Pangaea:
According to Wegener, Pangaea
existed about
million
years ago.
Wegener gathered
from different
scientific fields to
his ideas about continental drift.
He studied land features,
, and evidence
of
change.
Evidence from
Land Features
Evidence from
Fossils
Evidence from
Climate
What did Wegner notice when
he pieced together maps of
Africa and South America?
Define fossil
Fossil:
As a continent moves toward
the
, its
climate becomes warmer. As a
continent moves towards
the poles, its climate becomes
Name:
.
Deep scratches in
showed that continental glaciers
once covered South Africa.
Wegener concluded that when
Pangaea existed, South Africa
was much
to the
South Pole. This led Wegener to
conclude that climates changed
because the landmasses had
moved.
Wegener’
Hypothesis
Rejected 22
Main Idea: Wegener’s
hypothesis of
continental drift were
rejected by scientists
due to his inability to
explain certain parts of
his theory.
What did Wegener have a
difficult time explaining in his
theory?
For geologists to accept
continental drift, they would
also have had to change their
ideas about how
form.