READ!
Unit 4: Learning and
Cognition
Chapter 6: Learning
Warm up 03/11
● What does it mean to learn?
Classical Conditioning
● Learning
○ Relatively permanent change in an
organism’s behavior due to experience.
● stimulus - produces reaction
● response - reaction
● conditioning - learning
Classical Conditioning
● Ivan Pavlov
○ mouth watering in dogs
○ rang a bell when feeding dogs
○ dogs started to salivate when the bell was
rung
Classical Conditioning
● US, UR, CR, and CS
○ unconditioned stimulus - dog food
○ unconditioned response -salivating dog
○ conditioned response - salivating to bell
○ conditioned stimulus - bell causing
salivating
○ neutral stimulus - bell without dog food
Classical Conditioning
● Adaptation
○ taste aversion
■ learned aversion to a particular food
■ getting sick eating candy corn and not wanting
to eat it again
○ extinction
■ Loss of receptivity to the CS If the US is not
presented .
Classical Conditioning
● Adaptation
○ spontaneous recovery
■ Extinction ceases and the organism begins to
respond to the CS with the presentation of the
US.
■
the appearance of a formerly extinguished
response, following a rest period.
Classical Conditioning
● Adaptation
○ Generalization
■ responding to similar stimulus the same way
○ Discrimination
■ not responding to similar stimulus in the same
way
Classical Conditioning
● Application
○ Flooding
■ exposed to stimulus for long time to get rid of
fear
○ systematic desensitization
■ relaxation techniques while confronted with a
frightening stimulus
○ counter-conditioning
■ pleasant stimulus with a fearful one
Classical Conditioning Comic
● Create a four panel comic that depicts an
act of classical conditioning
○ must be original
■ no Pavlovian dogs or examples I’ve given
○ must be colored
○ Panel 1 = neutral stimulus
○ Panel 2 = Unconditioned Stimulus and
Response
○ Panel 3= Neutral and Unconditioned Stimulus
paired
○ Panel 4 = Conditioned Stimulus and Response
Chapter 6 Vocab - Learning
● stimulus
● response
● conditioning
○ classical & operant
● unconditioned stimulus
● unconditioned response
● conditioned response
● conditioned stimulus
● taste aversion
● schedule of
reinforcements
● continuous
reinforcement
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extinction
spontaneous recovery
generalization
discrimination
flooding
systematic
desensitization
counterconditioning
reinforcement
primary & secondary
reinforcers
partial reinforcement
shaping
latent learning
Warm Up 11/22
● Is learning permanent? Why or why not?
Warm Up 03/12
● How are you rewarded when you do
something right?
● How are you punished when you do
something wrong?
○ Consider school, home, work, etc.
Operant Conditioning
● learning from the consequences of your
actions
○ voluntary responses rather than biological
reactions
● B.F. Skinner
○ Project Pigeon
■ Pigeons guide missiles to targets
■ given treats for hitting the correct target
Operant Conditioning
● Reinforcement
○ “Skinner Box”
○ reinforcement is anything that could
increase a wanted behavior
Operant Conditioning
● Types of Reinforcers
○ Reinforcer - anything that encourages a
behavior to happen again
○ Primary Reinforcers
■
■
keep people alive
food, water, shelter
○ Secondary Reinforcers
■ money, attention, social approval, etc.
Operant Conditioning
● Types of Reinforcers
○ Positive
■ given something that you want
■ food, money, praise, etc.
○ negative
■ take away something that you don’t want
■ don’t have to do chores, homework, etc.
Operant Conditioning
● Rewards
○ positive reinforcements
● Punishment
○ positive - give something unpleasant
■ spanking, chores, lecture, etc.
○ negative - take away something you want
■ cell phone, car, etc.
○ not as effective as reinforcements
1. Warm ups
2. sleep survey
3. questions about meditation, BFT, &
Hypnosis
4. Pavlov Comic
Skit
● Groups of 4
● Write and perform a skit
○ 1 positive reinforcement
○ 1 negative reinforcement
○ 1 positive punishment
○ 1 negative punishment
● turn in scripts after you present
READ!
READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!R
EAD!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!R
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EAD!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!R
EAD!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!R
EAD!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!R
EAD!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!R
EAD!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!R
EAD!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!R
EAD!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!R
Warm Up 03/13
● Do you think punishments or rewards are
more effective? Why?
Operant Conditioning
● Schedules of Reinforcement
○ Continuous - reinforcing behavior every
time it happens
○ partial - reinforcing the behavior some of
the time
○ interval - time passes between intervals
Operant Conditioning
● Schedules of Reinforcement
○ ratio - behavior must happen a certain # of
times between reinforcements
■
■
fixed-ratio - set amount of behaviors
variable-ratio - can happen at any time
Operant Conditioning
● Extinction
○ repeated performance of behavior without
reinforcement
Cognitive Learning
● What we think of as learning…
● Latent learning
○ not all learning is reinforced
○ knowledge can be dormant until you need it
Cognitive Learning
● Observational Learning
○ learning by watching others
○ Albert Bandura
■ Social Learning theory
■ Bobo doll experiment
■ children more likely to replicate violent
behavior when they see an adult do it
Cognitive Learning
● Observational Learning
○ Violence in the Media
■ contributing factor to aggression
■ emotional desensitization
■ higher tendency to commit violent acts
■ Do you buy it? Do video games make kids more
violent?
Dance it out
Schedules...
● Individually, pick the schedule of
reinforcement that you think would work
the best for teaching behaviors.
● Think of an example of this schedule,
then draw a picture of your example as
if it were being posted to instagram.
○ color it (you can even choose a “filter” if
you want)
○ Give it a caption
○ Get your classmates to like it?
Warm Up 10/15
• Have you been successful in school?
• Do you think you learn in school?
Warm Up 10/14
● How did you learn to drive?
● How did you learn to read?
PQ4R Method
● Preview
○ getting some idea about the subject before
you learn
● Question
○ becoming an active learner
○ set goals of what you want to learn
■ ask specific questions about those goals
PQ4R Method
● Read
○ with the purpose of answering your
questions
● reflect
○ relate old and new info
● recite
○ repeating info
● Review
○ look back over what you learned