Name
: ________________
Class
: 10____
Day/Date
: ________________
MADANIA (High School)
Grade 10-Biology-Worksheet 1
Biology Molecules
19 / 07 / 2010
Life’s diversity results from the variety of molecules in cells. The most
common elements in living organisms are hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and
nitrogen. Most of the large molecules in living things are macromolecules
called polymers. Polymers are long chains of smaller molecular units
called monomers.
Name the four groups of organic molecules and main functions.
Organic Molecule
Carbohydrates
Main Function
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acid
General questions:
1. A process of which monomers are joined together to form polymers
is called _______________________.
2. A process of which polymers are broken down to monomers is called
_________________________.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are a class of molecules and are divided into three main
groups, which are monosaccharides, disaccharides and ploysaccharides.
Circle the letters
carbohydrates.
of
each
sentence
that
is
true
about
a. Starches and sugars are examples of carbohydrates.
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b. Living things use them as their main source of energy.
c. The monomers in sugar polymers is starch molecules.
d. Plants and some animals use them for strenght and rigidity.
e. Carbohydrates are hydrophilic.
 Monosaccharides.
Empiric Formula: (CH2O)n
1. What is the formula of:
A hexose
= ______________
A pentose
= ______________
A triose
= ______________
2. What three monosaccharides have 6 carbons?
a. ____________________________
b. ____________________________
c. ____________________________
3. What two monosaccharides have 5 carbons?
a. ____________________________
b. ____________________________
 Disaccharides
Monosaccharides may be joined together to form disaccaharide.
The resulting linkage between sugars is called a glycosidic bond. Based on
this picture below, circle the glycosidic bond.
The glycosidic bond is formed between carbons of monosaccharides and
release _____________. In reverse, to break down the disaccharide into
monosaccharide, _____________ should be added. The two processes
are controlled by _____________.
 Polysaccharides
Polysaccharides are polymers whose subunits are monosaccharides.
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1. What kind of polysaccharides form found in plants? _____________
2. What kind of polysaccharides form found in animals? ____________
3. Why do our body need to convert glucose to polysaccharide form
during the energy storing process?
4. What
are
the
two
substances
of
starch?
______________________________________________________
5. List three ways in which the molecular structure glycogen and
amylopectin are similar.
Glycogen
Amylopectin
6. List three ways in which the molecular structures of amylose and
cellulose differ.
Amylose
Cellulose
Lipids
1. The most common type of lipids are triglycerides. What are the roles
of triglycerides?
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
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2. Triglycerides
are
composed
of
three
long
chains
of
_____________________ and an alcohol called ______________ .
3. What is the different between saturated and unsaturated fatty
acids?
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
4. Phospholipids
are
composed
of
two
long
chains
of
__________________, an alcohol called _____________________
and a polar head called __________________.
Proteins
1. What are the monomers of proteins? ________________________
2. What are the four levels of protein structure?
a. _____________________
c. _______________________
b. _____________________
d. _______________________
Nucleic acids
1. The
monomers
that
make
up
nucleic
acids
are
known
as
______________________________________________________
2. What are the contents of nucleotide?
______________________________________________________
3. What are two kinds of nucleic acids?
______________________________________________________
Water
1. Water is the most important biochemical of all. Mention two reasons
why water is so important.
a. ______________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________
2. Name the properties of water.
a. _______________________________________________________
b. _______________________________________________________
c. _______________________________________________________
d. _______________________________________________________
e. _______________________________________________________
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3. State the properties of water that allows each of the following to take
place. Explain its importance in each case.
a. The cooling of skin during sweating.
Type of properties: ____________________________________
Reason:
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
b. The survival of fish in ice covered lake.
Type of properties: ____________________________________
Reason:
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
c. The ability of insects, such as pond skaters, to walk on water.
Type of properties: ____________________________________
Reason:
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
d. The transport of glucose and ions in mammals.
Type of properties: ____________________________________
Reason:
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Discipline
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